Fig.5.

Degeneration of Vmes neurons and the activation of microglia after tooth extraction. A) Aβ₄₂ (BC05)-IR Vmes neurons (arrows) in 4-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice. B) Two weeks after tooth extraction a damaged Aβ₄₂-IR neuron with an unclear cell membrane was observed. b) A higher magnification image of the rectangular area in (B). C) Immunofluorescence images of CD86-IR and Iba1-IR microglia after tooth extraction. Immunofluorescence images of microglia in the Vmes and LC at 0 (Con), 7, and 14 days after tooth extraction. Immunofluorescence images of Iba1-IR, and CD86-IR cells and merged images. The arrows indicate Iba1⁺/CD86⁺ microglia. Double arrows indicate an Iba1^–/CD86⁺ cell. Scale bars: A, 100μm; B, 30μm; b, 10μm; C, 50μm.