. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 21.

Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan 18;156(5):1264–1281.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.036

Table 1.

Available Serum Biomarkers for Diagnosing Steatosis or for Staging Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Index (ref)	Items, n	Age	Sex	BMI	Diabetes	Platelet count	AST level	ALT level	AST/ALT ratio	GGT level	TG level	Other components
Steatosis
FLI¹⁴	4			X						X	X	Waist circumference
HSI¹⁵	3			X	X				X			—
SteatoTest¹³	12	X	X	X				X		X	X	A2M, ApoA1, haptoglobin, T bilirubin, cholesterol, and glucose
LAP¹⁶	3		X								X	Waist circumference
ION¹⁷	3/4		X					X			X	Waist-to-hip ratio (male yes; female no), and HOMA
NAFLD-LFS¹⁸	4				X				X			Metabolic syndrome and insulin
Fibrosis
APRI¹⁶⁰	2					X	X					—
FIB-4¹⁶¹	4	X				X	X	X				—
FibroTest¹⁶²	8	X	X	X						X		A2M, ApoA1, haptoglobin, and total bilirubin
Fibrometer NAFLD¹⁶³	7	X				X	X	X				glucose, ferritin and body weight
ELF¹⁶⁴	3											Hyaluronic acid, PIIINP and TIMP-1
Hepacore¹⁶⁵	6	X	X							X		A2M, hyaluronic acid and total bilirubin
BARD score¹⁶⁶	3			X	X				X			—
_NFS¹⁶⁷	6	X	X		X	X			X			Albumin

A2M, α2-macroglobulin; APOA1, apolipoprotein A1; FLI, fatty liver index; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HSI, Hepatic Steatosis Index; ION, Index of NASH; LAP, lipid accumulation product; NAFLD-LFS, NAfLd liver fat score; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score.