Table 2. Results of three-way ANOVAs on the effects of species (L. chinensis, S. grandis and C. squarrosa), treatment (E: grazing exclusion and G: overgrazing), year (2013 and 2014) and their interactions on N and P concentrations in green leaves (Ng and Pg) and senesced leaves (Ns and Ps), N resorption efficiency (NRE) and P resorption efficiency (PRE) in the typical steppe.

		Ng	Pg	Ns	Ps	NRE	PRE
		(mg g−1)	(mg g−1)	(mg g−1)	(mg g−1)	(%)	(%)
Species	L. chinensis	20.69a	1.32a	7.79a	0.60b	69.12a	64.71a
	S. grandis	17.26b	1.11c	8.02a	0.51c	64.23b	64.87a
	C. squarrosa	15.75c	1.23b	6.87b	0.73a	53.85c	48.73b
Treatment	E	17.33b	1.19b	7.93a	0.57b	59.62b	59.45
	G	18.48a	1.25a	7.19b	0.65a	65.19a	59.43
Year	2013	18.43a	1.24a	7.75a	0.64a	62.71	57.89b
	2014	17.37b	1.20b	7.37b	0.58b	62.10	60.98a
P value	S	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
	T	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.985
	S × G	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.0001
	Y	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.0001
	S × Y	<0.0001	0.049	<0.0001	0.173	0.042	0.341
	T × Y	0.722	0.165	0.041	<0.0001	0.380	<0.001
	S × T × Y	0.042	0.116	<0.0001	0.944	0.528	0.101

Notes.

^a,b,cValues in the same column with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

S

plant species

T

treatment

Y

year