Table 3. Results of two-way ANOVAs on the effects of treatment (E: grazing exclusion; G: overgrazing), year and their interaction on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in green leaves (Ng and Pg) and senesced leaves (Ns and Ps), nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) and phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) for each species in the typical steppe.

		Treatment		Year		P value
		E	G	2013	2014	T	Y	T × Y
L. chinensis	Ng	19.69b	21.69a	21.57a	19.81b	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.720
	Ns	8.91a	6.66b	7.78	7.80	<0.0001	0.808	<0.0001
	Pg	1.26b	1.39a	1.34a	1.30b	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.502
	Ps	0.55b	0.63a	0.62a	0.58b	<0.0001	0.022	0.021
	NRE	63.26b	74.99a	69.21	69.04	<0.0001	0.713	0.005
	PRE	63.96	65.47	63.70	65.73	0.828	0.157	0.287
S. grandis	Ng	16.48b	18.04a	17.90a	16.62b	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.084
	Ns	7.87	8.18	8.11	7.94	0.085	0.360	0.467
	Pg	1.09b	1.14a	1.12	1.10	<0.0001	0.064	0.029
	Ps	0.50	0.52	0.54a	0.48b	0.102	<0.0001	0.003
	NRE	60.15b	68.32a	64.64	63.84	<0.0001	0.416	0.764
	PRE	61.55b	68.20a	62.66b	67.09a	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
C. squarrosa	Ng	15.81	15.69	15.82	15.68	0.356	0.257	0.148
	Ns	6.72b	7.02a	7.37a	6.37b	0.046	<0.0001	0.448
	Pg	1.22	1.24	1.25a	1.21b	0.074	<0.0001	0.387
	Ps	0.66b	0.79a	0.77a	0.69b	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.015
	NRE	55.46a	52.25b	54.28	53.32	0.001	0.358	0.221
	PRE	52.83a	44.63b	47.32b	50.13a	<0.0001	0.021	0.016

Notes.

^a,bValues in the same column with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

T

treatment

Y

year