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. 2020 Sep 21;163:105207. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105207

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Fig. 4 — Mechanisms of IVM-induced P2 × 4/P2 × 7/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

IVM can promote ROS release in cancer cells by P2 × 4/P2 × 7 receptors. Cellular ROS can activate NLRP3 Inflammasome including ASC, NLRP3 and pro-caspase-1 assemble. Subsequently, NLRP3 Inflammasome initiates pro-caspase-1 to self-shear into mature caspase-1. On the one hand, activated caspase-1 induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. On the other hand, caspase-1 activated by GSDMD triggers pyroptosis independent of apoptosis.