Table 1.
Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1·29 | 1·19–1·40 | <0·0001 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 4·13 | 3·79–4·51 | <0·0001 |
Polyarthritis | 1·21 | 1·03–1·42 | 0·021 |
Behcet's syndrome | 0·26 | 0·07–0·67 | 0·0031 |
Connective tissue disease | 3·58 | 3·11–4·10 | <0·0001 |
Palindromic rheumatism | 2·74 | 2·07–3·59 | <0·0001 |
Polyarthralgia rheumatica | 0·81 | 0·69–0·93 | 0·0038 |
Leflunomide | 1·19 | 1·00–1·40 | 0·049 |
Sulfasalazine | 2·00 | 1·71–2·29 | <0·0001 |
Chronic steroids | 1·80 | 1·65–1·96 | <0·0001 |
Prednisone equivalent >20 mg per day | 0·58 | 0·41–0·81 | 0·0011 |
Any other csDMARD* | 2·12 | 1·78–2·53 | <0·0001 |
Other csDMARD* plus biologic | 0·78 | 0·66–0·92 | 0·0024 |
Methotrexate plus biologic | 0·78 | 0·64–0·96 | 0·018 |
Vitamin D | 1·48 | 1·40–1·56 | <0·0001 |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 1·43 | 1·32–1·55 | <0·0001 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor | 1·48 | 1·38–1·57 | <0·0001 |
Low haemoglobin | 1·44 | 1·37–1·51 | <0·0001 |
Elevated lactate dehydrogenase | 1·37 | 1·22–1·55 | <0·0001 |
Thrombocytopenia | 1·12 | 1·02–1·24 | 0·021 |
Leucopenia | 1·23 | 1·02–1·49 | 0·031 |
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 1·41 | 1·32–1·50 | <0·0001 |
csDMARD=conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.
csDMARDs include hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine; other csDMARD refers to agents other than hydroxychloroquine.