Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review (n = 26).
| Citation | Study design | Data source | Population | Gender | Quality rating (0–3) | Practice-level | Provider-level | Patient-level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [45]* | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting vaccine uptake of teenage daughters | Chinese (n = 98) and Korean (n = 66) women of daughters aged 9–18 | 100% F | 2.36 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [43]* | Cross-sectional survey | Parents reporting vaccine uptake of children | Japanese (n = 200) and Filipino (n = 199) parents of children aged 11–18 | Not available for separate Asian subgroups | 2.50 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [41] | Qualitative interviews and focus groups | Parents reporting vaccine uptake of teenage daughters | Cambodian community leaders (n = 13); Cambodian parents (n = 37) of daughters aged 9–26 | Community leaders: 54% F; Parents: 51% F |
1.79 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [48]a | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine intention | Chinese international students (n = 350) aged 18–26 who had not received the vaccine | 48% F | 1.57 | Assessed | Assessed Influential | |
| [57] | Qualitative focus groups | Participants reporting their own vaccine intention | Chinese international students (n = 44) aged 18 or older | 52% F | 1.64 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [37]* | Qualitative interviews | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake; Health center staff reporting their perspectives on clients’ vaccine uptake | Vietnamese women aged 18–26 (n = 24) Health center staff serving women (n = 2) |
Vietnamese: 100% F; Health center staff: N/A |
1.79 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential |
| [40] | Cross-sectional survey | Parents reporting intention to vaccinate children | South Asian parents (n = 136) of children aged 17 and below. The sample included Bangladeshis (n = 68), Indians (n = 40), Pakistanis (n = 15), Nepalese (n = 7) and Sri Lankans (n = 6). | 59% F | 1.71 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [38] | Qualitative focus groups | Parents reporting intention to vaccinate children | Korean women aged 21–65 (n = 12) and community health workers (n = 14) | 100% F | 2.43 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [36] | Qualitative focus groups | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Korean female college students aged 18–26 (n = 20) | 100% F | 1.79 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential |
| [52] | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine intention and uptake | Korean female undergraduate and graduate students (n = 104) | 100% F | 2.07 | Assessed | Assessed Influential | |
| [55]* | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Asian female students (n = 85) | 100% F | 1.57 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [35] | Qualitative focus groups | Participants reporting their own vaccine intention | Korean immigrant women (n = 16) | 100% F | 1.79 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential |
| [17]* | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Asian and Pacific Islander female college students (n = 341). The sample included Chinese (n = 93), Hmong (n = 70), South Asians (n = 42), and Koreans (n = 40) | 100% F | 2.29 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [58] | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting intention to vaccinate daughters; daughters reporting intention to get vaccinated | 19 dyads of Cambodian mothers and their teenage daughters (aged 14–17) (n = 38 in total); daughters have not received the vaccine | 100% F | 2.07 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [54] | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting HPV vaccine uptake of teenage daughters | Cambodian mothers (n = 130) of teenage daughters aged 12–17 | 100% F | 2.50 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [39] | Qualitative focus groups | Parents reporting intention to vaccinate children | Korean parents (n = 20) of children aged 11–18 | 50% F | 2.57 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [46] | Cross-sectional survey | Parents reporting vaccine uptake of children and their intention to vaccinate children | Korean parents (n = 74) of children aged 11–18 | 64% F | 2.50 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [50] | Cross-sectional survey | Self-reported; Mothers/grand-mothers reporting intention to vaccinate daughters/grand-daughters | Chinese women aged 18 or older (n = 158) | 100% F | 2.00 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [53]* | Cross-sectional survey | Adults reporting intention to vaccinate real or hypothetical daughter | Asian/Pacific Islander adults (weighted N: 8789113 or 5% of sample) | N/A for Asian groups | 1.64 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [82]b | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Hmong women aged 21 to 65 (n = 104) | 100% F | 2.57 | Assessed | ||
| [42] | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting HPV vaccine status of teenage daughters | Cambodian mothers (n = 86) of teenage daughters aged 9–17 | 100% F | 1.93 | Assessed Influential | Assessed Influential | |
| [44] | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting HPV vaccine status of teenage daughters | Cambodian mothers (n = 96) of teenage daughters aged 9–18 | 100% F | 1.79 | Assessed Influential | Assessed | |
| [49]* | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Asians aged 9 to 21 (n = 635) | N/A for Asian groups | 2.07 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [47] | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine uptake | Chinese college students aged 18 or older (n = 449) | 59% F | 2.14 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [51] | Cross-sectional survey | Participants reporting their own vaccine intention and uptake | Vietnamese women aged 18 or older (n = 113) | 100% F | 2.21 | Assessed Influential | ||
| [56] | Cross-sectional survey | Mothers reporting intention to vaccinate daughters | Korean women aged 25 to 45 (n = 165) | 100% F | 2.21 | Assessed Influential |
F: female; M: male.
N/A: Not available.
Assessed: determinant included in measurement; Influential: determinant documented to be influential.
a
The 2015 dissertation contained some similar data to the 2016 article by the same author. Only data not reported in the 2016 article are presented in this row.
b
This study reported no significant finding on influences on HPV vaccine intention or uptake, and thus is not included in Table 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d.
*
Study includes not only Asians but also other racial/ethnic groups in their analyses.