Table 5.
Patient-level determinants of HPV vaccine intention and uptake.
| Domain | Patient-level determinant | Intention (reported by caregivers for their adolescents) | Intention (reported by participants for themselves) | Uptake (reported by caregivers for their adolescents) | Uptake (reported by participants for themselves) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthcare delivery or organizational factors | Knowledge of where to get HPV vaccine (n = 1) | [45] | |||
| Knowledge of whether insurance covers HPV vaccine (n = 1) | [43] | ||||
| Access to clinics or providers with HPV vaccine (n = 1) | [46] | ||||
| Pap test receipt (n = 1) | [42] | ||||
| Level of familiarity with U.S. healthcare services (n = 1) | [35] | ||||
| Level of comfort with women’s health services (n = 1) | [35] | ||||
| Level of use of women’s health services (n = 1) | [17] | ||||
| Communication style | Parent-child discussion about HPV vaccine (n = 1) | [38] | |||
| Predisposing factors | Age (n = 3) | [40] | [17,47] | ||
| Child’s age (n = 2) | [39] | [43] | |||
| Sex (n = 4) | [40] | [48] | [47,49] | ||
| Language (n = 3) | [50] | [36,51] | |||
| HPV vaccine awareness (n = 4) | [41–43] | [52] | |||
| HPV or HPV vaccine knowledge (n = 9) | [40,53] | [35,52] | [54] | [17,36,47,51] | |
| General vaccine attitudes (n = 1) | [40] | ||||
| HPV vaccine attitudes (n = 2) | [40] | [47] | |||
| Belief about prevention (n = 1) | [41] | ||||
| Trust in Western medicine (n = 1) | [41] | ||||
| Medical mistrust (n = 1) | [55] | ||||
| Perceived HPV vaccine importance (n = 2) | [40,56] | ||||
| Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness (n = 3) | [40] | [41,46] | |||
| Perceived HPV vaccine safety or side effect (n = 7) | [38–40] | [41,43,45] | [36] | ||
| HPV vaccine is too new (n = 3) | [39–40] | [43] | |||
| Perceived susceptibility (n = 5) | [35,57] | [43] | [36,52] | ||
| No need for HPV vaccine if not sexually active (n = 5) | [39–40] | [57] | [41] | [52] | |
| No need for HPV vaccine if practicing safe sex (n = 1) | [57] | ||||
| Trust in partner’s HPV status (n = 1) | [37] | ||||
| HPV vaccine promotes child’s sexual activity or promiscuity (n = 3) | [38] | [41,43] | |||
| American lifestyle increases susceptibility; thus should get vaccinated (n = 1) | [57] | ||||
| Get all vaccines for my child (n = 1) | [43] | ||||
| Worry about child’s health (n = 1) | [40] | ||||
| Belief regarding suitability of vaccine for Chinese people (n = 1) | [57] | ||||
| Too busy (n = 2) | [36,52] | ||||
| Enabling factors | Perceived costs (n = 4) | [38–39] | [41] | [36] | |
| School policy (n = 1) | [38] | ||||
| Not enough information or needing more information (n = 2) | [40] | [45] | |||
| Reinforcing factors | Influence from mother (n = 3) | [58] | [36–37] | ||
| HPV vaccine recommendation by parents (n = 1) | [52] | ||||
| Influence from family (n = 1) | [36] | ||||
| Influence from family and friends (n = 1) | [56] | ||||
| Influence from friends (n = 2) | [35,48] | ||||
| Influence from other parents (n = 1) | [38] | ||||
| Have friends whose children are HPV vaccinated (n = 1) | [43] | ||||
| Influence from social media (n = 1) | [36] | ||||
| Motivation to get protection from disease (n = 4) | [38] | [42–43] | [37] | ||
| Family stigma around sexual health (n = 1) | [37] | ||||
| Knowing someone with cancer (n = 1) | [17] | ||||
| Family history of cancer (n = 1) | [35] | ||||
| Interdependent self-construal (n = 1) | [56] | ||||
| Preventive activity | Having to get multiple doses (n = 1) | [36] | |||
| Belief regarding recommended ages (9–26) (n = 1) | [57] |