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. 2020 Sep 18;6(3):e19630. doi: 10.2196/19630

Table 3.

Results of the adjusted analyses exploring the increase in caloric/salty food, screen use, and substance use in the early phase of COVID-19 containment in France among the general population.

Characteristic Caloric/salty food intake (n=10,771; 3233 increase vs 7538 no increase) Screen use (n=11,267; 7274 increase vs 3993 no increase) Tobacco use (n=2787; 996 increase vs 1791 no increase) Alcohol use (n=7108; 1761 increase vs 5347 no increase) Cannabis use (n=666; 208 increase vs 458 no increase)


aORa (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value aOR (95% CI) P value
Gender

Male Reference N/Ab Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Female 1.62 (1.48-1.77) <.001 1.31 (1.21-1.43) <.001 1.31 (1.11-1.55) .002 1.02 (0.91-1.14) .76 0.99 (0.67-1.46) .95

Other 1.17 (0.64-2.14) .63 0.66 (0.35-1.25)
0.95 (0.32-2.78) .93 0.26 (0.08-0.89) .03 0.45 (0.07-2.74) .39
Age (years)

16-29 Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

30-49 0.81 (0.71-0.92) <.001 0.70 (0.61-0.81) <.001 0.81 (0.64-1.01) .07 1.18 (1.01 -1.39) <.001 0.90 (0.58-1.39) .65

50-64 0.54 (0.47-0.63) <.001 0.68 (0.58-0.79) <.001 0.71 (0.55-0.93) .01 0.84 (0.69-1.01) .07 0.48 (0.25-0.89)c .02

≥65 0.42 (0.34-0.53) <.001 0.65 (0.53-0.80) <.001 0.32 (0.20 -0.50) <.001 0.76 (0.56-1.07) .10

In a couple

Yes Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

No 0.84 (0.74-0.94) .003 1.18 (1.06-1.32) <.001 1.30 (1.06-1.59) .01 0.92 (0.79-1.07) .27 1.18 (0.77-1.79) .46
Professional situation

Worker Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Student 0.89 (0.75-1.05) .17 1.17 (0.97-1.42) .10 0.61 (0.44-0.84) .003 0.71 (0.56-0.90) .004 0.55 (0.31-0.95) .03

Job seeker 0.86 (0.69-1.08) .20 0.69 (0.55-0.86) .001 0.84 (0.59-1.20) .35 1.02 (0.77-1.36) .87 0.94 (0.48-1.82) .86

No employment/retired 0.72 (0.59-0.87) <.001 0.51 (0.43-0.61) <.001 0.68 (0.48-0.97) .03 0.72 (0.55-0.94) .02 0.22 (0.09-0.52) <.001
Educational level (ISCEDd 2011)

3 Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

≥6 0.87 (0.75-1.00) .06 0.95 (0.83-1.09) .46 0.69 (0.53-0.90) .006 1.52 (1.24-1.86) <.001 0.38 (0.22-0.65) <.001

I4-5 0.94 (0.82-1.09) .44 0.97 (0.85-1.11) .65 0.68 (0.53-0.88) .003 1.25 (1.02-1.54) .03 0.41 (0.24-0.69) <.001

1-2 0.74 (0.60-0.90) .003 0.60 (0.50-0.71) <.001 0.72 (0.51-1.02) .06 1.14 (0.85-1.54) .39 0.48 (0.23-1.01) .05
Access to outdoor space

Yes Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

No 0.95 (0.85-1.05) .32 1.16 (1.05-1.29) 0.005 1.00 (0.82-1.23) .98 0.92 (0.80-1.06) .27 1.54 (1.01-2.38) .048
Well-being (WEMWBSe score)

Per 1-point increase 0.98 (0.97-0.98) <.001 0.98 (0.97-0.98) <.001 0.97 (0.96-0.98)c <.001 0.97 (0.96-0.98) <.001 0.96 (0.93-0.98) <.001
General stress (0-10 VASf)

Per 1-point increase 1.07 (1.05-1.10) <.001 1.08 (1.05-1.10) <.001 1.07 (1.03-1.11) <.001 1.06 (1.03-1.09) <.001 1.03 (0.95-1.12) .46
Living space

Per 5 square meters/person increase 0.98 (0.97-0.99) .003 0.99 (0.98-1.01) >0.99 1.01 (0.98-1.03) .68 0.99 (0.98-1.00) .19 1.01 (0.96-1.05) .86
Confined with other people

Yes Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

No (alone) 1.29 (1.11-1.49) <.001 1.15 (1.01-1.32) .049 0.91 (0.70-1.17) .46 0.87 (0.72-1.05) .16 0.90 (0.53-1.54) .72
Housing location

Urban Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Periurban 1.08 (0.96-1.22) .21 0.88 (0.79-0.98) .03 0.87 (0.68-1.11) .26 1.04 (0.89-1.22) .62 1.21 (0.69-2.14) .50

Rural 0.98 (0.86-1.11) .73 0.82 (0.73-0.92) <.001 0.95 (0.75-1.21) .71 1.06 (0.90-1.24) .53 1.12 (0.63-1.98) .72
Working conditions

Telecommuting Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Not working 0.98 (0.87-1.11) .72 1.69 (1.48-1.93) <.001 0.87 (0.70-1.09) .24 1.00 (0.85-1.18) .98 0.87 (0.56-1.36) .56

Working in the workplace 1.08 (0.95-1.23) .21 0.83 (0.73-0.94) .003 1.47 (1.17-1.86) .001 1.06 (0.90-1.24) .49 0.98 (0.58-1.65) .93
Psychiatric treatment

Never Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Past 1.27 (1.09-1.47) <.001 1.07 (0.91-1.25) .44 0.80 (0.60-1.08) .15 1.00 (0.81-1.23) .99 1.01 (0.55-1.86) .99

Current 1.94 (1.62-2.31) .31 0.92 (0.75-1.13) .45 1.33 (0.94-1.88) .10 1.44 (1.10-1.88)d .008 1.12 (0.54-2.35) .78
Addiction treatment

Never Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A Reference N/A

Past 1.01 (0.77-1.33) .45 0.95 (0.72-1.24) .70 1.51 (0.99-2.29) .06 1.01 (0.68-1.49) .97 0.70 (0.29-1.73) .45

Current 1.11 (0.68-1.80) .89 0.88 (0.53-1.45) .63 0.98 (0.53-1.82) .96 0.78 (0.39-1.58) .49 0.65 (0.15-2.78) .57

aaOR: adjusted odds ratio.

bN/A: not applicable.

cDue to power requirements, the age categories of 50-64 years and ≥65 years were pooled in the model exploring cannabis use increase.

dISCED: International Standard Classification of Education.

eWEMWBS: Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.

fVAS: visual analog scale.