Table 5.
Summary of blood chemistry and serum hormone analysis in 90-day dietary toxicity study with Dry Mankai in rats.
| Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose (w/w %) | 0 (Control) | 5 | 10 | 20 | 0 (Control) | 5 | 10 | 20 |
| Number of rats | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| AST (IU/L) | 62 ± 7 | 66 ± 9 | 60 ± 8 | 66 ± 12 | 64 ± 8 | 62 ± 12 | 65 ± 16 | 61 ± 6 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 37 ± 4 | 36 ± 8 | 35 ± 7 | 39 ± 6 | 32 ± 5 | 34 ± 7 | 33 ± 5 | 36 ± 6 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 34 ± 9 | 33 ± 8 | 35 ± 12 | 29 ± 6 | 41 ± 12 | 42 ± 13 | 32 ± 11 | 31 ± 5 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 345 ± 47 | 346 ± 87 | 331 ± 87 | 330 ± 47 | 186 ± 49 | 168 ± 41 | 183 ± 54 | 233 ± 80 |
| CHE (IU/L) | 420 ± 52 | 449 ± 73 | 401 ± 74 | 410 ± 93 | 2858 ± 868 | 3005 ± 551 | 3148 ± 911 | 2961 ± 701 |
| TBA (μmol/L) | 35.4 ± 19.8 | 30.5 ± 18.5 | 18.7 ± 14.0 | 19.0 ± 13.3 | 24.2 ± 19.5 | 32.2 ± 12.7 | 23.3 ± 14.4 | 26.1 ± 13.1 |
| T-CHO (mg/dL) | 71 ± 11 | 65 ± 12 | 61 ± 10 | 53 ± 10** | 81 ± 19 | 75 ± 15 | 72 ± 19 | 72 ± 12 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 22.1 ± 2.4 | 21.2 ± 2.8 | 20.9 ± 2.5 | 19.7 ± 3.0 | 26.3 ± 4.0 | 26.4 ± 3.4 | 25.3 ± 5.3 | 27.6 ± 3.7 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.9 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 49 ± 17 | 50 ± 27 | 55 ± 23 | 36 ± 13 | 34 ± 16 | 39 ± 16 | 32 ± 27 | 27 ± 11 |
| PL (mg/dL) | 106 ± 12 | 98 ± 16 | 93 ± 10 | 80 ± 12** | 151 ± 27 | 148 ± 24 | 140 ± 35 | 140 ± 17 |
| T-BIL (mg/dL) | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 151 ± 16 | 169 ± 18 | 166 ± 23 | 157 ± 17 | 112 ± 15 | 113 ± 11 | 124 ± 20 | 131 ± 16* |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19 ± 2 | 19 ± 3 | 17 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 17 ± 2 | 20 ± 3 | 18 ± 2 | 21 ± 3* |
| CRNN (mg/dL) | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.03 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 40 ± 5 | 42 ± 7 | 36 ± 7 | 39 ± 6 | 37 ± 5 | 44 ± 7 | 39 ± 4 | 44 ± 7* |
| Na (mmol/L) | 144 ± 1 | 144 ± 1 | 144 ± 1 | 144 ± 1 | 143 ± 1 | 143 ± 1 | 142 ± 1 | 143 ± 2 |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 106 ± 1 | 107 ± 2 | 106 ± 1 | 107 ± 1 | 107 ± 1 | 107 ± 1 | 106 ± 2 | 108 ± 1 |
| Ca (mg/dL) | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 10.1 ± 0.4* | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.4** | 10.6 ± 0.3 | 10.7 ± 0.3 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 10.4 ± 0.3 |
| IP (mg/dL) | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5* | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 1.2 |
| TP (g/dL) | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.3 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.2 |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.1 |
| A/G | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
| T3 (ng/mL) | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.50 ± 0.12 | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 0.78 ± 0.15 | 0.68 ± 0.12 | 0.73 ± 0.08 |
| T4 (ng/mL) | 40.1 ± 4.8 | 39.8 ± 7.3 | 36.0 ± 3.4 | 36.5 ± 7.1 | 28.6 ± 2.7 | 26.4 ± 5.6 | 25.1 ± 7.0 | 25.9 ± 5.9 |
| TSH (ng/mL) | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 5.9 ± 2.8 | 6.0 ± 2.2 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 0.9 |
Values are means ± S.D. Significantly different from the control using Dunnett’s test (two-tailed): * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.
AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CHE, cholinesterase; TBA, total bile acid; T−CHO, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; PL, phospholipids; GLU, glucose; T-BIL, total bilirubin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRNN, creatinine; Na, sodium; K, potassium; Cl, chloride; Ca, calcium; IP, inorganic phosphorus; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; A/G, albumin/globulin ratio; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.