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. 2020 Sep 8;11:621. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00621

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Copyright © 2020 Sun, Jiao, Han, Zhang, Shi, Shi and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scatter plots of genetic associations with four suggestive metabolites vs. the associations with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (A) 3-Dehydrocarnitine; (B) hexadecanedioate; (C) 4-hydroxyhippurate; (D) β-hydroxyisovalerate. Each of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with metabolites are represented by a black dot with the error bar depicting the standard error of its association with metabolite (horizontal) and PCOS (vertical). The slopes of each line represent the causal association for each method. SNPs showing negative signals with metabolites are plotted after orientation to the exposure-increasing allele.