Table 2.
Patient characteristics according to outcome
| Survivors (n = 281) | Non-survivors (n = 124) | p | Event-free survivors (n = 260) | Transferred to ICU or non-survivors (n = 145) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 65 [55–75] | 76 [70–85] | < 0.001 | 66 [55–76] | 74 [69–82] | < 0.001 |
| Males, n (%) | 186 (66.2) | 92 (74.2) | 0.11 | 171 (65.8) | 107 (73.8) | 0.09 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 166 (60.4) | 102 (84.3) | < 0.001 | 151 (59.2) | 117 (83) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 39 (14.4) | 19 (15.7) | 0.74 | 38 (15) | 20 (14.5) | 0.9 |
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 16 (5.9) | 22 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 15 (5.9) | 23 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 37 (13.8) | 10 (8.3) | 0.12 | 36 (14.2) | 11 (8) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 43 (15.9) | 36 (29.8) | 0.002 | 41 (16.2) | 38 (27.5) | 0.008 |
| Theraphy at admission | ||||||
| ACEi or ARB or ARNi, n (%) | 114 (42.1) | 58 (50) | 0.15 | 105 (41.3) | 67 (50.4) | 0.09 |
| Betablockers, n (%) | 79 (29) | 56 (48.3) | < 0.001 | 71 (27.8) | 64 (48.1) | < 0.001 |
| Antiarrhythmics, n (%) | 8 (3.1) | 8 (7.1) | 0.08 | 7 (2.9) | 9 (6.9) | 0.07 |
| Antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants, n (%) | 72 (26.6) | 71 (60.7) | < 0.001 | 67 (26.4) | 76 (56.7) | < 0.001 |
| Dyspnea at hospital arrival, n (%) | 171 (62.2) | 93 (75.6) | 0.009 | 157 (61.8) | 107 (74.3) | 0.01 |
| Chest pain at hospital arrival, n (%) | 11 (68.7) | 5 (4.1) | 0.98 | 10 (4) | 6 (4.2) | 0.92 |
| Laboratory findings and vital signs at arrival | ||||||
| Hb (g/dL), median [IQR] | 13.5 [12.3–14.4] | 12.9 [11.8–14.5] | 0.13 | 13.5 [12.3–14.5] | 13 [12–14.3] | 0.19 |
| WBC (× 103/μL), median [IQR] | 6.3 [5–8] | 7.5 [5–10.3] | 0.01 | 6.2 [5–8] | 7.5 [5.2–10.2] | 0.006 |
| PLT (× 103/μL), median [IQR] | 187.5 [149–257] | 174 [129–227] | 0.03 | 188 [150–258] | 174 [130–230] | 0.03 |
| Potassium (mEq/L), median [IQR] | 3.9 [3.6–4.3] | 4.1 [3.8–4.5] | 0.006 | 3.9 [3.6–4.4] | 4.1 [3.8–4.4] | 0.02 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median [IQR] | 0.88 [0.72–1.1] | 1.09 [0.88–1.61] | < 0.001 | 0.87 [0.71–1.1] | 1.05 [0.86–1.55] | < 0.001 |
| hsTnI (ng/L), median [IQR] | 11 [5–26] | 31 [15–80] | < 0.001 | 11 [5–27] | 27 [12–62] | < 0.001 |
| P/F (PaO2/FiO2), median [IQR] | 296 [220–351] | 231 [117–316] | < 0.001 | 297 [233–347] | 230 [120–330] | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 135 [120–145] | 130 [120–149] | 0.68 | 134 [120–145] | 130 [120–147] | 0.73 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 80 [70–85] | 73 [65–80] | 0.003 | 80 [70–86] | 74 [65–80] | 0.002 |
| ECG findings | ||||||
| Heart rate (bpm), median [IQR] | 88 [77–99] | 88 [78–100] | 0.7 | 88 [77–99] | 87 [77–100] | 0.94 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 12 (6.9) | 17 (20.2) | 0.002 | 12 (7.1) | 17 (19.3) | 0.003 |
| Conduction disturbances, n (%) | 51 (29) | 31 (36) | 0.25 | 49 (28.5) | 33 (36.7) | 0.18 |
| PR (ms), median [IQR] | 154 [142–172] | 175 [157–190] | < 0.001 | 154 [142–172] | 173 [157–190] | < 0.001 |
| QTc (ms), median [IQR] | 425 [406–450] | 436 [410–460] | 0.12 | 426 [406–450] | 434 [411–460] | 0.12 |
| Repolarization abnormalities, n (%) | 28 (15.9) | 20 (23.3) | 0.15 | 28 (16.3) | 20 (22.2) | 0.24 |
Abbreviations as in Table 1