FIGURE 4.

PGMC and CAP show similar antifungal activity. (A) SEM images of vehicle-treated M. furfur cells (left, upper panel) and those of PGMC treated (left, lower panel) cells. Images on the middle panels are magnifications of a group of cells demarcated by the squares from the field shown in the left panels of SEM images. TEM image of vehicle-treated M. furfur cell (right, upper panel) and that of a PGMC (0.2%) treated cell (right, lower panel). (B) Changes in membrane fluidity of DPH labeled M. furfur cells exposed to increasing concentrations of PGMC for 30 min (n = 3). (C) Effect of increasing dose of PGMC or a monoester of LRA (monolaurate) on M. furfur. Cells in broth were treated with the fatty acid monoesters at the indicated concentrations (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%) for 30 min. CFUs were counted 48 h after plating. (D) Effect of increasing duration of exposure of M. furfur to PGMC or monolaurate tested at a dose of 0.2%. Cells were treated with caprylic acid or its monoester in broth and samples were plated at the indicated time points (30, 90, and 180 min). CFUs were enumerated 48 h after plating. Data represent the average of at least three biological replicates with error bars indicating standard deviation.