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. 2020 Sep 8;14:929. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00929

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Antinociception by (pyr)apelin-13 and apelin-13 during the formalin test. (A,B) Normal saline (control), (pyr)apelin-13 (2, 10, 20 mg/kg), or morphine (2 mg/kg) were intravenously (i.v.) injected 30 min before intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of formalin. (C,D) Normal saline, apelin-13 (2, 10, 20 mg/kg), or morphine (2 mg/kg) were i.v. administered before i.pl. injection of formalin. (E,F) Normal saline, (pyr)apelin-13 (10, 20 mg/kg), or morphine (2 mg/kg) were i.m. administrated before i.pl. injection of formalin. Each point is the mean licking/biting time during the early phase (0–10 min) or late phase (10–30 min) of the formalin test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 7–10 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. control according to ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.