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. 2020 Sep 8;14:929. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00929

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Copyright © 2020 Lv, Zhang, Feng, Zhou, Cui, Yang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The influence of (pyr)apelin-13 on endogenous opioid peptides, opioid receptor gene and protein expression, and the content of dynorphin in the striatum in mice. (A,B) The effect of (pyr)apelin-13 (20 mg/kg, i.v.) on the relative mRNA levels of Pomc, Penk, Pdyn, Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in striatum. They were normalized to the housekeeping gene 36B4 mRNA levels by real-time PCR. The concentration of dynorphin in the striatum (C) was assessed by ELISA. Representative western blot (D) and relative protein levels (E) of the KOR, normalized to the housekeeping protein GAPDH. The unpaired t-test was performed to compare the difference between the (pyr)apelin-13-treated group and control. Data are presented as means ± SEM. n = 6–10/group.