Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study patients according to disease severity and clinical outcome in severe.
| Characteristics | All patients (N = 523) | Disease severity | Clinical outcome in severe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (N = 429) | Severe (N = 94) | p-value | Non-survivors (N = 16) | Survivors (N = 78) | p-value | ||
| Age, years | 44 (32–54) | 42 (31–54) | 50 (38.25–61.5) | 0.00004 | 71 (67.75–80) | 47 (34–54.75) | 0 |
| 18–49 | 314/523 (60.04) | 270/429 (62.94) | 44/94 (46.81) | 0.00384 | 1/16 (6.25) | 43/78 (55.13) | 0.00036 |
| 50–64 | 146/523 (27.92) | 121/429 (28.21) | 25/94 (26.6) | 0.75274 | 1/16 (6.25) | 24/78 (30.77) | 0.03505 |
| ≥65 | 46/523 (8.8) | 23/429 (5.36) | 23/94 (24.47) | 0 | 14/16 (87.5) | 9/78 (11.54) | 0 |
| Female sex | 234/523 (44.74) | 199/429 (46.39) | 35/94 (37.23) | 0.06599 | 3/16 (18.75) | 32/78 (41.03) | 0.07824 |
| Exposure to Source of Transmission Within Past 14 Days | |||||||
| Had the history of travel or residence in Wuhan and its surrounding areas, or other communities where the case of COVID-19 had been reported | 324/523 (61.95) | 272/429 (63.4) | 52/94 (55.32) | 0.08999 | 5/16 (31.25) | 47/78 (60.26) | 0.03216 |
| Had contact with Wuhan residents | 158/523 (30.21) | 132/429 (30.77) | 26/94 (27.66) | 0.32199 | 6/16 (37.5) | 20/78 (25.64) | 0.24972 |
| Cluster | 76/523 (14.53) | 66/429 (15.38) | 10/94 (10.64) | 0.15317 | 2/16 (12.5) | 8/78 (10.26) | 0.5381 |
| Had contact with patients confirmed0020COVID-19 | 136/523 (26) | 115/429 (26.81) | 21/94 (22.34) | 0.22412 | 5/16 (31.25) | 16/78 (20.51) | 0.263 |
| Not clear | 67/523 (12.81) | 48/429 (11.19) | 19/94 (20.21) | 0.01702 | 3/16 (18.75) | 16/78 (20.51) | 0.58924 |
| Comorbidity | |||||||
| COPD | 13/463 (2.81) | 6/373 (1.61) | 7/90 (7.78) | 0.00526 | 5/15 (33.33) | 2/75 (2.67) | 0.00117 |
| Asthma | 3/459 (0.65) | 2/369 (0.54) | 1/90 (1.11) | 0.48126 | 0/15 (0) | 1/75 (1.33) | 0.83333 |
| Interstitial pneumonia | 8/462 (1.73) | 7/372 (1.88) | 1/90 (1.11) | 0.51749 | 1/15 (6.67) | 0/75 (0) | 0.16667 |
| Diabetes | 42/462 (9.09) | 29/371 (7.82) | 13/91 (14.29) | 0.0475 | 5/15 (33.33) | 8/76 (10.53) | 0.03604 |
| Coronary heart disease | 24/461 (5.21) | 13/371 (3.5) | 11/90 (12.22) | 0.00237 | 5/15 (33.33) | 6/75 (8) | 0.01681 |
| Hypertension | 74/465 (15.91) | 48/375 (12.8) | 26/90 (28.89) | 0.00034 | 7/15 (46.67) | 19/75 (25.33) | 0.09088 |
| Cerebral infarction | 11/461 (2.39) | 9/371 (2.43) | 2/90 (2.22) | 0.63343 | 1/15 (6.67) | 1/75 (1.33) | 0.30712 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 6/459 (1.31) | 4/369 (1.08) | 2/90 (2.22) | 0.33495 | 1/15 (6.67) | 1/75 (1.33) | 0.30712 |
| Cancer | 7/230 (3.04) | 4/191 (2.09) | 3/39 (7.69) | 0.09676 | 2/10 (20) | 1/29 (3.45) | 0.15593 |
| Pregnancy | 2/469 (0.43) | 2/382 (0.52) | 0/87 (0) | 0.66309 | 0/16 (0) | 0/71 (0) | 1 |
| Digestive system disease | 11/307 (3.58) | 10/257 (3.89) | 1/50 (2) | 0.44053 | 0/10 (0) | 1/40 (2.5) | 0.8 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5/307 (1.63) | 3/256 (1.17) | 2/51 (3.92) | 0.19413 | 0/11 (0) | 2/40 (5) | 0.61176 |
| Symptoms | |||||||
| Fever | 449/506 (88.74) | 360/412 (87.38) | 89/94 (94.68) | 0.02648 | 15/16 (93.75) | 74/78 (94.87) | 0.6154 |
| Fatigue | 190/480 (39.58) | 151/387 (39.02) | 39/93 (41.94) | 0.34364 | 10/16 (62.5) | 29/77 (37.66) | 0.06087 |
| Cough | 309/496 (62.3) | 241/403 (59.8) | 68/93 (73.12) | 0.01064 | 11/16 (68.75) | 57/77 (74.03) | 0.43858 |
| Dyspnea | 41/471 (8.7) | 18/378 (4.76) | 23/93 (24.73) | 0 | 7/16 (43.75) | 16/77 (20.78) | 0.05703 |
| Gasp | 44/468 (9.4) | 22/375 (5.87) | 22/93 (23.66) | 0 | 4/16 (25) | 18/77 (23.38) | 0.55775 |
| Chest tightness | 92/471 (19.53) | 60/378 (15.87) | 32/93 (34.41) | 0.0001 | 11/16 (68.75) | 21/77 (27.27) | 0.00236 |
| Nasal congestion | 32/467 (6.85) | 20/374 (5.35) | 12/93 (12.9) | 0.01303 | 1/16 (6.25) | 11/77 (14.29) | 0.34485 |
| Runny nose | 31/467 (6.64) | 21/374 (5.61) | 10/93 (10.75) | 0.06599 | 1/16 (6.25) | 9/77 (11.69) | 0.45525 |
| Sore throat | 65/470 (13.83) | 51/378 (13.49) | 14/92 (15.22) | 0.38807 | 2/16 (12.5) | 12/76 (15.79) | 0.54396 |
| Expectoration | 138/480 (28.75) | 107/387 (27.65) | 31/93 (33.33) | 0.16827 | 7/16 (43.75) | 24/77 (31.17) | 0.24499 |
| Anorexia | 61/473 (12.9) | 44/380 (11.58) | 17/93 (18.28) | 0.06352 | 5/16 (31.25) | 12/77 (15.58) | 0.13271 |
| Diarrhea | 25/467 (5.35) | 17/374 (4.55) | 8/93 (8.6) | 0.10097 | 2/16 (12.5) | 6/77 (7.79) | 0.41557 |
| Headache | 37/471 (7.86) | 27/378 (7.14) | 10/93 (10.75) | 0.17119 | 0/16 (0) | 10/77 (12.99) | 0.13578 |
| Dizziness | 28/470 (5.96) | 23/377 (6.1) | 5/93 (5.38) | 0.50991 | 0/16 (0) | 5/77 (6.49) | 0.38017 |
| Muscle and joint pain | 39/464 (8.41) | 26/371 (7.01) | 13/93 (13.98) | 0.02981 | 1/16 (6.25) | 12/77 (15.58) | 0.29732 |
| The Basic Vital Signs on Admission | |||||||
| Respiratory rate >24 breaths per min | 4/489 (0.82) | 3/399 (0.75) | 1/90 (1.11) | 0.02936 | 1/13 (7.69) | 0/77 (0) | 0.00554 |
| Pulse oxygen saturation <90% | 8/165 (4.85) | 0/122 (0) | 8/43 (18.6) | 0 | 5/11 (45.45) | 3/32 (9.38) | 0.00019 |
| Fever on admission, °C | 37.2 (36.7-37.9) | 37.1 (36.7-37.9) | 37.2 (36.8-38) | 0.26312 | 36.7 (36.6-37.1) | 37.3 (36.8-38) | 0.00776 |
| <37.5 | 293/496 (59.07) | 237/404 (58.66) | 56/92 (60.87) | 0.68771 | 12/15 (80) | 44/77 (57.14) | 0.09703 |
| 37.5–38.0 | 90/496 (18.15) | 78/404 (19.31) | 12/92 (13.04) | 0.15947 | 1/15 (6.67) | 11/77 (14.29) | 0.37752 |
| 38.1–39.0 | 97/496 (19.56) | 77/404 (19.06) | 20/92 (21.74) | 0.55865 | 1/15 (6.67) | 19/77 (24.68) | 0.10886 |
| >39.0 | 16/496 (3.23) | 12/404 (2.97) | 4/92 (4.35) | 0.34306 | 1/15 (6.67) | 3/77 (3.9) | 0.51568 |
| Time form illness onset to seeing a doctor, days | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.41842 | 4.5 (1.75–7) | 2 (1–4) | 0.04202 |
| Time form illness onset to hospital admission, days | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–7) | 3 (2–7) | 0.29878 | 8 (6–10) | 3 (1–6) | 0.00047 |
| Incubation period, days | 5 (1–9) | 5 (1–9) | 4 (1–9) | 0.30537 | 5 (2–10) | 4 (1–8) | 0.10345 |
Data are median (IQR)or n/N (%). P-values were calculated by Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U-test. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.