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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020 Jul 23;153:105488. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105488

Figure 6. Proposed mechanism of the formation of M14 and M15.

Figure 6.

M14 and M15 were detected in all the three LMs used in our studies. ATX was first oxidized to O-ATX (M1, M2, or M3), which was further oxidized to form the aldehyde. The aldehyde is cyclized to form the intermediate O-hemiaminal and subsequent oxidation to form the lactam M14. M15 is generated by oxidizing ATX to form M3, followed by the second oxidation to generate aldehyde. The aldehyde was intra-cyclized to form the intermediate hemiaminal, which was further oxidized to form M15.