Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Cohort of 997 Children at Baseline (Wave 1) and at Follow-up Examinations (Waves 2-4).

Characteristic	No. of participants	Value
Sociodemographic characteristic
Age, mean (SD), y
At wave 1	997	8.0 (0.8)
At wave 4	997	11.0 (0.8)
Female, %	579	58.1
BMI, mean (SD)
At wave 1	997	18.0 (3.0)
At wave 4	997	19.8 (3.9)
Obesity at wave 4, %	218	21.9
Breast Tanner stage at wave 4, mean (SD)	579	3.4 (1.2)
Testicular volume at wave 4, mean (SD), mL	418	5.0 (3.1)
Relative telomere length, mean (SD)
At baseline (wave 2)	986	1.5 (0.4)
At 1-y follow-up (wave 3)	771	1.4 (0.4)
Change of telomere length, median (IQR), %	771	4.1 (1.0-8.6)
Adversity exposure
Threat composite score, mean (SD)	997	1.04 (1.14)
Physical abuse, %	367	36.8
Emotional abuse, %	335	33.6
Sexual assault, %	35	3.5
Domestic violence, %	113	11.3
Experienced interpersonal violence at school, %	114	11.4
Threat composite score ≥1, %	550	55.2
High threat (>90th percentile), %	222	22.3
Deprivation composite score, mean (SD)	997	0.67 (0.92)
Physical neglect, %	43	4.3
Emotional neglect, %	109	10.9
Less educated mother, %	188	18.9
Low household income, %	164	16.4
Harsh parenting, %	163	16.3
Deprivation score ≥1, %	443	44.4
High deprivation (>90th percentile), %	148	14.8

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range.