Table 3. High Threat-Related and Deprivation-Related Early-Life Adversity and Median Age at Thelarche for Girls and Testicular Volume for Boys by PRS Tertilea.
| Stratum | Thelarche in girls | Testicular volume ≥4 mL in boys | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Age, median, y | Time ratio (95% CI) | P value | No. (%) | Age, median, y | Time ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| Low PRS | ||||||||
| Low threat | 109/146 (74.7) | 9.3 | 1 [Reference] | .01 | 105/137 (76.6) | 11.2 | 1 [Reference] | .005 |
| High threat | 37/146 (25.3) | 9.1 | 0.96 (0.94-0.99) | 32/137 (23.4) | 11.1 | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) | ||
| Moderate PRS | ||||||||
| Low threat | 208/263 (79.1) | 9.2 | 1 [Reference] | .76 | 131/165 (79.4) | 11.2 | 1 [Reference] | .24 |
| High threat | 55/263 (20.9) | 9.2 | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 34/165 (20.6) | 11.1 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | ||
| High PRS | ||||||||
| Low threat | 134/170 (78.8) | 9.1 | 1 [Reference] | .12 | 88/116 (75.9) | 10.9 | 1 [Reference] | .22 |
| High threat | 36/170 (21.2) | 9.0 | 0.98 (0.97-1.00) | 28/116 (24.1) | 10.9 | 1.01 (0.99-1.01) | ||
| Low PRS | ||||||||
| Low deprivation | 123/146 (84.2) | 9.3 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 122/137 (89.1) | 11.2 | 1 [Reference] | .01 |
| High deprivation | 23/146 (15.8) | 9.0 | 0.97 (0.96-0.99) | 15/137 (10.9) | 11.0 | 0.98 (0.96-0.99) | ||
| Moderate PRS | ||||||||
| Low deprivation | 229/263 (87.1) | 9.3 | 1 [Reference] | .29 | 143/165 (86.7) | 11.1 | 1 [Reference] | .78 |
| High deprivation | 34/263 (12.9) | 9.1 | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 22/165 (13.3) | 11.1 | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | ||
| High PRS | ||||||||
| Low deprivation | 131/170 (77.1) | 9.0 | 1 [Reference] | .21 | 101/116 (87.1) | 10.9 | 1 [Reference] | .52 |
| High deprivation | 39/170 (22.9) | 9.1 | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 15/116 (12.9) | 10.9 | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | ||
Abbreviation: PRS, polygenic risk score.
a
Time ratios and 95% CIs were calculated as described by Biro et al36 and controlled for age, body mass index, PRS for early puberty, delivery mode, gestational age, birth weight, maternal body mass index, and other dimensions of early-life adversity.