Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Schizophrenia | Healthy control | t/χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 116) | (n = 212) | |||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age at scan(year, mean ± SD) | 24.24 ± 9.03 | 34.71 ± 12.69 | −7.8606 | <0.001 |
| Gender (M/F) | 36/80 | 83/129 | 2.1365 | 0.1438 |
| Handedness(R/L/MIX) | 103/2/ 11 | 197/3/11 | 2.2433 | 0.3257 |
| Education(year, mean ± SD) | 10.78 ± 2.92 | 13.76 ± 3.71 | −7.4394 | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| First episode(yes/no) | 66/49 | NA | ||
| Medication(yes/no) | 96/19 | NA | ||
| Duration (months, mean ± SD) | 29.96 ± 48.91 | NA | ||
| HAMD-17 | n = 113 | n = 211 | ||
| 6.44 ± 6.28 | 1.15 ± 1.94 | 11.2953 | <0.001 | |
| HAMA | n = 112 | n = 212 | ||
| 6.13 ± 6.27 | 1.13 ± 2.00 | 10.6606 | <0.001 | |
| BPRS | n = 115 | n = 197 | ||
| 31.56 ± 11.80 | 18.28 ± 1.66 | 15.5367 | <0.001 | |
| CFAPS | n = 83 | n = 184 | ||
| Positive (n, mean ± SD) | 11.25 ± 0.0841 | 11.55 ± 0.0256 | 0.9052 | 0.3670 |
| Neutral (n, mean ± SD) | 13.45 ± 0.1846 | 14.74 ± 0.0299 | 2.805 | 0.006 |
| Negative (n, mean ± SD) | 11.98 ± 0.1366 | 13.20 ± 0.0327 | 2.977 | 0.0035 |
| Total (n, mean ± SD) | 36.67 ± 0.6459 | 39.51 ± 0.1083 | 3.259 | 0.0015 |
P refers to the P value, calculated from chi-square test (gender and handedness) or t test (other variables) between two groups.
SD standard deviation, M male, F female, R right, L left, MIX left and right, HAMD-17 the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMA the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, BPRS the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CFAPS the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System.