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. 2020 Sep 21;10:15396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72340-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Only AnkG_NM is a bona fide T4BSS effector protein. (a) Representative confocal micrographs of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) infected with C. burnetii expressing Flag-AnkG_NM, Flag-AnkG_Soyta or Flag-AnkG_F3. MEFs were fixed 48 h post-infection and were stained with an antibody specific for Flag (green) and Coxiella (red). DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 10 μm. (b) The amount of cAMP is given in fmol/well for CHO cells either uninfected or infected for 72 h with C. burnetii producing Cya, Cya-AnkG_NM, Cya-AnkG_Soyta or Cya-AnkG_F3. The threshold for secretion was set to 2.5-fold the cAMP-level of the controls and is depicted as a dotted line. Shown is the mean of at least three experiments ± SD. ***p < 0.001.