Table 1.
Demographic data of the study population.
| Parameter | DAP (n = 46) | Met (n = 20) | P (n = 31) | T2DM (n = 9) | Health (n = 27) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 17 (37.0) | 12 (60.0) | 10 (32.3) | 3 (33.3) | 7 (25.9) |
| Female | 29 (63.0) | 8 (40.0) | 21 (67.7) | 6 (66.7) | 20 (74.1) |
| Age, years | 60.98 ± 9.12**ΔΔ | 59.25 ± 8.61**ΔΔ | 44.55 ± 14.04** | 44.67 ± 10.75 | 28.78 ± 7.51 |
| DM-related parameters | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.21 ± 3.75**ΔΔ | 25.86 ± 3.19**ΔΔ | 23.16 ± 3.25* | 27.59 ± 1.80 | 21.13 ± 2.43 |
| HbA1C (%) | 9.24 ± 1.37**ΔΔ⋄⋄ |
5.33 ± 0.53 **ΔΔ |
4.86 ± 0.62 | 8.43 ± 1.41 | 5.06 ± 0.52 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 9.79 ± 2.05**ΔΔ⋄⋄ | 6.18 ± 0.38**ΔΔ | 5.77 ± 0.77 | 11.66 ± 1.87 | 5.18 ± 0.36 |
| Perio-related parameters | |||||
| PD (mm) | 6.46 ± 0.96** | 6.00 ± 0.65** | 6.42 ± 0.89** | 2.11 ± 0.78 | 2.11 ± 0.42 |
| BI | 3.2 ± 0.58**⋄⋄ | 2.55 ± 0.51**ΔΔ | 3.16 ± 0.58** | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 0.52 ± 0.51 |
| GI | 1.87 ± 0.62**ΔΔ | 2.00 ± 0.56**Δ | 2.42 ± 0.50** | 1.00 ± 0.50 | 0.44 ± 0.51 |
| PLI | 2.24 ± 0.60** | 2.45 ± 0.51** | 2.45 ± 0.57** | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 1.04 ± 0.34 |
| CAL (mm) | 4.41 ± 1.11** | 4.10 ± 0.72**Δ | 4.65 ± 0.91** | 0 | 0 |
Parameters including age, BMI, HbA1c, GLU, PD, CAL, BI, GI, and PLI are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Compared to the Health group, * represents P < 0.05, ** represents P < 0.01; compared to the P group, Δ represents P < 0.05, ΔΔ represents P < 0.01; compared to the Met group, ⋄ represents P < 0.05, ⋄⋄ represents P < 0.01. To be specific, the P-values for BMI were 0.009 for DAP versus P, 0.005 for Met versus P, and 0.02 for P versus Health; the P-value for GI was 0.010 for Met versus P; the P-value for CAL was 0.030 for Met versus P. All other unspecified P-values were less than 0.001.