| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PNA | peptide nucleic acid |
| MALDI-TOF | matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| SELEX | systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment |
| CNT | carbon nanotubes |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| PEI-GA | glutaraldehyde pre-coated with polyethyleneimine |
| CFU | colony forming unit |
| PDB | protein data bank |
| MD | molecular dynamics |
| CD | circular dirchoism |
| ns-ZrOx | nanostructured zirconia |
| PMCS | pulsed microplasma cluster source |
| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| PSIM | protein surface interaction microarray |
| TEG | triethylene glycol |
| PBS | phosphate buffed saline |
| RT | room temperature |
| RMSD | root mean square deviation |