Table 4.

Moderator Analyses, Study 1.

Moderators	b	SE	p	95% CI	QE	p for QE
Emotional impact scores	0.13	0.04	<.001	[0.05, 0.21]	197.45	<.001
Year of publication/appearance	−0.01	0.004	<.001	[−0.02, −0.007]	185.09	<.001
Vividness (1 = audiovisual, 0 = text)	0.30	0.12	.014	[0.06, 0.54]	214.96	<.001
Proximity (1 = proximal, 0 = distal)	0.60	0.15	<.001	[0.31, 0.90]	184.68	<.001
Veracity (1 = real, 0 = hypothetical)	0.12	0.12	.31	[−0.11, 0.36]	204.29	<.001
Publication status (1 = published, 0 = unpublished)	0.26	0.12	.036	[0.02, 0.50]	216.87	<.001
Sample size	−0.001	0.001	.054	[−0.003, .0000]	208.20	<.001

Note. Each moderator was analyzed individually. Degrees of freedom for Q_E equal 53 for all moderators except for veracity (df = 51). Q_E = test for residual heterogeneity.