Table 3.
Association Between the Total Cognitive Trajectory and Migration Status in Female Subjects
| Mixed Effect | β (SE) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
| Fixed effect | |||||
| constant | 9.39 (0.12)*** | 8.08 (0.16)*** | 8.00 (0.20)*** | 8.55 (0.23)*** | 8.49 (0.25)*** |
| Time | −0.99 (0.05)*** | −0.99 (0.05)*** | − 0.99 (0.05)*** | −0.99 (0.05)*** | − 0.99 (0.05)*** |
| Migrant (Ref. Non-migrants) | 0.78 (0.16)*** | 0.47 (0.14)*** | 0.48 (0.14)*** | 0.35 (0.14)** | 0.32 (0.14)* |
| Age65 ~ 70 (Ref. Age60~) | −0.83 (0.16)*** | −0.85 (0.14)*** | − 0.85 (0.14)*** | −0.79 (0.14)*** | − 0.78 (0.14)*** |
| Age > 70 (Ref. Age60~) | −2.68 (0.17)*** | −1.72 (0.16)*** | −1.66 (0.16)*** | −1.65 (0.16)*** | − 1.61 (0.16)*** |
| SES | |||||
| Education level (Ref. illiterate) | |||||
| Some primary school | 2.09 (0.15)*** | 2.09 (0.15)*** | 2.06 (0.15)*** | 2.03 (0.15)*** | |
| Finished primary school | 3.88 (0.17)*** | 3.88 (0.17)*** | 3.73 (0.17)*** | 3.69 (0.17)*** | |
| Higher than primary school | 5.17 (0.30)*** | 5.14 (0.30)*** | 4.92 (0.29)*** | 4.88 (0.29)*** | |
| Retired (Ref. no) | −0.09 (0.13) | −0.05 (0.13) | − 0.06 (0.12) | −0.03 (0.12) | |
| Household annual income (Ref. low) | |||||
| Medium | −0.15 (0.13) | −0.10 (0.14) | − 0.21 (0.14) | −0.21 (0.14) | |
| High | 0.26 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.19)* | 0.15 (0.19) | 0.14 (0.19) | |
| Family connections | |||||
| Coupled household | 0.15 (0.14) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.15 (0.14) | ||
| Living with children | −0.36 (0.13)** | −0.28 (0.12)* | −0.29 (0.12)* | ||
| Caring for grandchildren | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.19 (0.12) | 0.21 (0.12) | ||
| Social attachment | |||||
| Civic participation (Ref.no) | 0.59 (0.65) | 0.52 (0.65) | |||
| Leisure activities (Ref.no) | 0.87 (0.19)*** | 0.83 (0.19)*** | |||
| Friendships (Ref.no) | 0.25 (0.12)* | 0.21 (0.12) | |||
| Depression | −0.06 (0.01)*** | −0.06 (0.01)*** | |||
| Health | |||||
| ADLs | −0.12 (0.05)* | ||||
| Chronic diseases (Ref. Non-disease) | −0.05 (0.13) | ||||
| Health behaviours | |||||
| Smoking (Ref. Non-smoker) | |||||
| Light/moderate smokers | 0.30 (0.27) | ||||
| Heavy smokers | 0.44 (0.43) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption (Ref. Non-drinker) | |||||
| ≤ 1 drink per month | −0.01 (0.28) | ||||
| > 1 drink per month | −0.05 (0.21) | ||||
| Afternoon napping (Ref. Non-napper) | |||||
| Short napper | 0.65 (0.22)** | ||||
| Moderate napper | 0.31 (0.13)* | ||||
| Extended napper | −0.19 (0.18) | ||||
| Random effect | |||||
| ID | 2.27 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 1.65 | 1.64 |
| Time | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| AIC | 32,734 | 32,075 | 32,069 | 31,986 | 31,980 |
Abbreviations: AIC Akaike Information Criterion, SES socioeconomic status, ADL activity of daily living disability
Model 1: Adjusted for age group and time of follow-up; Model 2: Model 1 + socioeconomic status; Model 3: Model 2 + family connections; Model 4: Model3 + social attachment + depression; Model 5: Model 4 + health and health behaviours
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001;