Table 5.
Occupational symptoms of nail salon workers, office workers and nail salon workers exceeding Vietnam occupational exposure limit of acetone
| Symptoms n (%) | Crude OR | Adjusted OR | P‐value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Headache | |||||
| Office workers | 64 (64) | 36 (36) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 51 (51) | 49 (49) | 1.71 (0.97,3.01) | 3.29 (1.46,7.37) | <.01 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 2.22 (0.56,8.8) | 4.53 (0.91,22.67) | *NS |
| Nausea | |||||
| Office workers | 96 (96) | 4 (4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 89 (89) | 11 (11) | 2.97 (0.91,9.65) | 5.56 (1.14,27.12) | <.05 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (0.3,30.13) | 6.09 (0.38,96.68) | *NS |
| Nose irritation | |||||
| Office workers | 79 (79) | 21 (21) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 72 (72) | 28 (28) | 1.46 (0.46,2.8) | 2.65 (1.09,6.45) | <.05 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 13.17 (2.6,68.1) | 32.9 (4.8,224.58) | <.01 |
| Throat irritation | |||||
| Office workers | 92 (92) | 8 (8) | |||
| Nail workers | 92 (92) | 8 (8) | 1 (0.36,2.78) | 1.33 (0.37,4.78) | *NS |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1.44 (0.16,12.98) | 2.05 (0.15,28.9) | *NS |
| Skin irritation | |||||
| Office workers | 87 (87) | 13 (13) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 73 (73) | 17 (17) | 1.37 (0.63,3) | 3.53 (1.19,10.43) | <.05 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0.84 (0.1,7.25) | 1.87 (0.16,21.99) | *NS |
| Cough | |||||
| Office workers | 89 (89) | 11 (11) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 90 (90) | 10 (10) | 0.9 (0.36,2.22) | 1.07 (0.36,3.22) | *NS |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1.01 (0.12,8.87) | 1.78 (0.14,22.4) | *NS |
| Breath Shortness | |||||
| Office workers | 98 (98) | 2 (2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 86 (86) | 14 (14) | 1.98 (1.76,36.09) | 9.92 (2.02,48.62) | <.01 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 14 (1.71,114.85) | 27.95 (2.4,321.4) | <.01 |
| Confusion | |||||
| Office workers | 94 (94) | 6 (6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 81 (81) | 19 (19) | 3.67 (1.4,9.64) | 4.94 (1.67,14.56) | <.01 |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | 7.83 (1.56,39.31) | 17.48 (2.5,123.6) | <.01 |
| Chest tightness | |||||
| Office workers | 97 (97) | 3 (3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nail workers | 86 (94.5) | 6 (6) | 2.06 (0.5,8.49) | 2.74 (0.55, 13.63) | *NS |
| Exceeding VOEL of acetone | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 4.04 (0.38,43.46) | 6.81 (0.36,128.0) | *NS |
Abbreviation: OR, Odd ratio; *NS, Not significant.
Logistic regression adjusted for marital status, regular exercise, ethnicity, smoking status, frequent alcohol intake, undergoing periodic health examination, age, and average working hours per week.