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Plasma TNF‐α concentrations were elevated in CKD subjects versus healthy volunteers at baseline, although neither group demonstrated material TNF‐α changes in response to SnPP administration. Baseline TNF‐α levels were approximately sixfold higher in CKD subjects versus healthy volunteers. However, neither group manifested substantial TNF‐α changes in response to SnPP administration. The values are presented after log base 10 transformation
