Table 17.

Summarising statistics describing serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and other selected PFASs in the European adult population based on studies included in Table B.2 and B.3 in Appendix B (from 2007–2008 and onwards)

		Concentration (ng/mL)
		PFBS	PFHxS	PFHpS	PFOSa	PFDS	FOSA	FOSA whole blood	8:2 monoPAP	8:2 diPAP	EtFOSA	EtFOSAA	FC‐807	PFOSI
Statistics based on medians reported in studies included in Tables B.2 and B.3 in Appendix B, b	Median	0.03	0.67	0.20	7.7	0.03	0.025	0.140	0.045	0.009	0.025	–	–	–
	Mean	0.03	4.94	0.25	7.5	0.03	0.023	0.140	0.045	0.009	0.025	–	–	–
	Minimum	0.03	0.20	0.08	1.7	0.01	0.007	0.140	0.045	0.009	0.004	–	–	–
	Maximum	0.04	152	0.6	27.4	0.06	0.035	0.14	0.045	0.009	0.045	–	–	–
	Number of studies c	2	37	8	32	2	4	1	1	1	2	0	0	0
Information based on individual samples reported in studies included in Tables B.2 and B.3 in Appendix B	Minimum individual samples	0.006	0.008	0.05	0.06	0.005	0.0018	0.05	0.045	0.0005	0.004	0.27	0.0004	0.15
	Maximum individual samples	4.6	1790	13.3	392.3	0.245	0.52	2.35	0.045	0.11	0.05	0.27	0.0007	NR
	Country reporting maximum individual samples	Italy	Sweden	France	France	Czech Republic	Sweden	Norway	Norway	Norway	Norway	Spain	Germany	Denmark
	Reference for maximum	Ingelido et al. (2018)	Li et al. (2018a)	Denys et al. (2014)	Denys et al. (2014)	Sochorová et al. (2017)	Stubleski et al. (2016)	Poothong et al. (2017)	Poothong et al. (2017)	Poothong et al. (2017)	Haug et al. (2011b)	Bartolome et al. (2017)	Yeung et al. (2013b)	Joensen et al. (2013)

NR: not reported; LOQ: limit of quantification.

For studies with median concentration lower than LOQ, the LOQ was used for calculations. For studies reporting the concentrations in ng/g, it was assumed that 1 g = 1 mL of serum/plasma.

^aData from EFSA CONTAM Panel (2018) Opinion.

^bBased only on studies where median levels were reported.

^cOnly studies where median is > LOQ are included in this number.