Table B.4.
Concentrations of PFASs in general European children populations with serum or plasma samples collected from 2007 to 2008 and onwards
| Year | Country | Study population | Median (ng/mL) | Geometric mean (ng/mL) | Arithmetric mean (ng/mL) | Min (ng/mL) | Max (ng/mL) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFBA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.1) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.1) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFPeA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFHxA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.08 | NR | 0.11 | 0.03 | 1.34 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFHpA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.15 | NR | NR | 0.05 | 0.82 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.11 | NR | 0.14 | 0.07 | 1.47 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age 13 years. Serum | 0.06 | NR | NR | 0.05 (IQR) | 0.08 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFNA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Denmark | n = 145, children, mean (range) age: 8.7 (6–11) years. Plasma | 0.82 | NR | 0.88 | 0.28 | 2.16 | Mørck et al. (2015) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 44, infants, age: 6 months. Plasma | 1.0 | NR | 1.1 | NR | 2.3 (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 24, infants, age: 19 months. Plasma | 0.6 | NR | 0.7 | NR | 1.4 (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2007–2008 | Germany | n = 112, children, mean age: 6.6 years. Plasma | 0.79 | NR | 0.84 | 0.42 | 2.38 | Wilhelm et al. (2015) |
| 2009–2010 | Germany | n = 101, children, mean age: 8.5 years. Plasma. | 0.68 | NR | 0.70 | < LOQ (0.4) | 1.59 | Wilhelm et al. (2015) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 2.13 | 1.31 | NR | 0.17 | 23.96 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.50 | NR | 0.60 | 0.12 | 5.35 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2012–2014 | Faroe Island | n = 349, children, age: 5 years. Serum | 1.1 | NR | NR | 0.8 (IQR) | 1.6 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017a) |
| 2010–2013 | Faroe Island | n = 587, children, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.7 | NR | NR | 0.6 (IQR) | 0.9 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017b) |
| PFDA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Denmark | n = 145, children, mean (range) age: 8.7 (6–11) years. Plasma | 0.32 | NR | 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.75 | Mørck et al. (2015) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 44, infants, age: 6 months. Plasma | < LOQ (0.4) | NR | < LOQ (0.4) | NR | 0.7 (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 24, infants, age: 19 months. Plasma | < LOQ (0.4) | NR | < LOQ (0.4) | NR | < LOQ (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.13 | NR | NR | 0.05 | 0.55 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.21 | NR | 0.26 | 0.05 | 1.89 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2012–2014 | Faroe Island | n = 349, children, age: 5 years. Serum | 0.3 | NR | NR | 0.2 (IQR) | 0.5 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017a) |
| 2010–2013 | Faroe Island | n = 587, children, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.3 | NR | NR | 0.2 (IQR) | 0.4 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017b) |
| PFUnDA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.21 | 0.14 | NR | < LOQ (0.05) | 1.08 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.16 | NR | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.85 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.29 | NR | NR | 0.16 (IQR) | 0.45 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | 0.15 | NR | NR | 0.1 (IQR) | 0.26 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFDoDA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.08 | NR | NR | 0.07 | 0.11 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.04 | NR | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.24 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.05) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.05) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFTrDA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.10 | NR | NR | 0.05 | 0.17 | Papadopoulou et al. 2016) |
| PFBS | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.1) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. 2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.1) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.1) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. 2018) |
| PFHxS | ||||||||
| 2011 | Denmark | n = 145, children, mean age: 8.7 years (range 6–11 years). Plasma | 0.34 | NR | 0.44 | < LOQ (0.03) | 3.68 | Mørck et al. (2015) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 44, infants, age: 6 months. Plasma | 0.6 | NR | 0.7 | NR | 1.6 (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2007–2009 | Germany | n = 24, infants, age: 19 months. Plasma | 0.6 | NR | 0.7 | NR | 1.2 (P95) | Fromme et al. (2010) |
| 2007–2008 | Germany | n = 112, children, mean age: 6.6 years. Plasma | 0.81 | NR | 0.91 | 0.27 | 4.73 | Wilhelm et al. (2015) |
| 2009–2010 | Germany | n = 101, children, mean age: 8.5 years. Plasma | 0.75 | NR | 0.83 | 0.32 | 2.92 | Wilhelm et al. (2015) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.55 | 0.60 | NR | 0.16 | 6.73 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.71 | NR | 1.53 | 0.18 | 84.7 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2012–2014 | Faroe Island | n = 349, children, age: 5 years. Serum | 0.3 | NR | NR | 0.2 (IQR) | 0.4 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017a) |
| 2010–2013 | Faroe Island | n = 587, children, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.4 | NR | NR | 0.3 (IQR) | 0.5 (IQR) | Grandjean et al. (2017b) |
| PFHpS | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.12 | 0.11 | NR | < LOQ (0.05) | 0.48 | Papadopoulou et al. (2016) |
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 940, boys and girls, age: 15–19 years. Serum | 0.15 | NR | 0.17 | 0.03 | 7.62 | Averina et al. (2018) |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.19 | NR | NR | 0.14 (IQR) | 0.24 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | 0.07 | NR | NR | 0.04 (IQR) | 0.11 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| PFDS | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | 0.04 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| FOSA | ||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Norway | n = 112, toddlers, age: 3 years. Serum | 0.11 | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.05) | 0.16 | Papadopoulou et al. 2016 |
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | 0.05 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| ETFOSAA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | 0.03 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | 0.02 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| MeFOSAA | ||||||||
| 2011 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 13 years. Serum | 0.05 | NR | NR | 0.03 (IQR) | 0.08 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
| 2012 | Faroe Islands | n = 51, boys and girls, age: 5 years. Serum | < LOQ (0.03) | NR | NR | < LOQ (0.03) (IQR) | 0.02 (IQR) | Dassuncao et al. (2018) |
The term LOQ was used for both limit of quantification, limit of detection and method detection limit.
P5: 5th percentile. P95: 95th percentile. NR: not reported. LOQ: limit of quantification. IQR: interquartile range.