Table F.1.
Studies on mammary gland development in mice with PFOA exposure in utero, postnatally or during puberty
| Mouse strain | Study design, exposure duration | Dosage (mg/kg bw per day) | NOAEL (mg/kg bw per day) | LOAEL (mg/kg bw per day) | Serum or tissue levels (ng/mL) | NOAEC (ng/mL) | LOAEC (ng/mL) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prenatal and lactational exposure | ||||||||
| CD‐1 | GD 1‐17, GD 8‐17, GD 12‐17 | 0, 5 | 5 | Semi‐quantitative in blood of dams and pups at PND 10 and 20; quantitatively in livers of pups at PND 1, 10, 20 (data presented but not shown here) | White et al. (2007) | |||
| CD‐1 |
GD 1‐17 and GD 8‐17, + cross‐fostering (lactation) GD 7/10/13/15‐17 |
0, 3, 5 0, 5 |
3 5 |
Serum11 levels in GD 8–17 dams, 5 mg/kg bw per day: 42,200 or 47,900 at lactation day (LD) 1, decreasing to 16,400 or 24,400 at LD 10, depending on lactating control or treated pups. In pups exposed in utero GD 8–17, 66,200 or 70,000 at PND 1, decreasing to 20,500 or 31,300 at PND 10, when nursed by control or treated dams, respectively. In pups from control dams, maximum 15,700 at PND 10 when nursed by treated dams. Below 1,000 in all pups at PND 63 (weaning from PND 22) |
White et al. (2009) | |||
| CD‐1 |
GD 1‐17 GD 10‐17 |
0, 0.3, 1, 3 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 |
0.3 0.01 |
Pup PND 7: < 20, 4,980, 11,026, 20,700 Pup PND 1: 22.6, 285, 2304, 16,306 Pup PND 21: 4.1, 16.5, 132, 2,025 |
4,980 285 16.5 |
Macon et al. (2011) | ||
| CD‐1 |
3‐generations, P0 GD 1‐17, +/− 5 μg/L in drinking water (0.00045 mg/kg bw per day) continuously from P0 GD 7 |
0, 0+5 μg/L, 1, 1+5 μg/L, 5 |
0+5 μg/L |
F1 PND 22: 0.6, 21.3, 2,444, 2,744, 10,045 F1 PND 63: 3.1, 66.2, 210.7, 187, 760 |
21.3 66.2 |
White et al. (2011) | ||
| Sv/129 | GD 1‐17 | 0, 3 | 3 | GD 18 dam: 19,000 | 19,000 | Albrecht et al. (2013) | ||
| CD‐1 | GD 1‐17 | 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1 | 0.01 | Pup PND 21: < 5, 74.8, 457, 905, 3,119 | 74.8 | Tucker et al. (2015) | ||
| C57Bl/6 | 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | Pup PND 21: < 10, 26.1, 247, 891, 2,142 | 247 | 891 | ||
| Pubertal exposure | ||||||||
| Balb/c | From PND 21 for 28 days, 5 days/week22 | 0, 0.7, 3.6, 7.1 | 0.722 | 3.622 | < 10, 29,500, 109,000, NR | 29,500 | 109,000 | Yang et al. (2009)11, 33 |
| C57Bl/6 | 0, 0.7, 3.6, 7.1 | For ↓ 3.622 |
For ↓ 7.122 For ↑ 0.722 |
< 10, 26,000, 68,200, 96,600 |
For ↓ 96,600 For ↑ 26,000 |
|||
| Balb/c | From PND 21 for 28 days, 5 days/week22 | 0, 1.8 | 1.822 | Serum at termination: < 10, 51,100 | 51,100 | Zhao et al. (2012)11 | ||
| C57Bl/6 | 0, 5.4 | 5.422 | Serum at termination: < 10, 93,400 | 93,400 | ||||
NR: Not reported; bw: body weight; GD: gestation day; LD: lactation day; LOAEC: lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect concentration; LOAEL: lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level; NOAEC: no‐observed‐adverse‐effect concentration; NOAEL: no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level; PND: postnatal day.
Concentration in serum extracted from figure.
Values adjusted for dosing 5 days per week.
Serum levels reported in Zhao et al. (2012).
Note: Results concern decreased scores unless otherwise indicated.