Table 1.

Sixteen risk factors considered for inclusion in the multivariable regression model of food contamination, out of characteristics of 58 caregivers and their households in Maputo, Mozambique

Risk factor	N (%)	Contaminated (%)	Fisher's exact test	Negative binomial regression
			p value	Coefficienta	p value
Caregiver sex
Female	57 (98)	31 (54)	.47b
Male	1 (2)	0 (0)
No. of household members
2–4	27 (47)	11 (41)	.11	Ref
5+	31 (53)	20 (65)		2.5	<.01
No. of children under 5 years
1	37 (64)	17 (46)	.17
2+	21 (36)	14 (67)
Wealth quintile
1st	12 (21)	8 (67)		Ref
2nd	11 (19)	5 (45)		−2.8	<.01
3rd	12 (21)	7 (58)		0.11	.94
4th	11 (19)	6 (55)		−0.63	.67
5th	12 (21)	5 (42)		−0.56	.70
Child faeces observed on premises
Yes	2 (3)	2 (100)	.49b
No	56 (97)	29 (52)
Soap availability
Yes	53 (91)	26 (49)	.06b
No	5 (9)	5 (100)
Self‐reported HWWS
Yes	35 (60)	16 (46)	.18
No	23 (40)	15 (65)
HWWS after changing nappies
Yes	3 (5)	0 (0)	.10b	−26	<.01
No	55 (95)	31 (56)		Ref
HWWS before preparing food
Yes	22 (38)	11 (50)		1.3	.14
No	36 (62)	20 (56)		Ref
HWWS before eating
Yes	30 (52)	13 (43)	.12
No	28 (48)	18 (64)
HWWS before feeding the child
Yes	16 (28)	6 (38)	.15
No	42 (72)	25 (60)
Main ingredients (ref: Ingredient not included)
Flour‐based: Porridge	11 (19)	3 (27)	.06	−4.2	<.01
Cooked vegetables	27 (47)	15 (56)		1.2	.12
Salad	6 (10)	6 (100)
Fried egg	5 (9)	2 (40)
Meat/fish	9 (16)	5 (56)
Contact with other foods (same container/utensil)
Yes	23 (40)	15 (65)	.18
No	35 (60)	16 (46)
Storage after cookingc
Recently cooked	30 (58)	11 (37)	.09	Ref
Cooked earlier, stored	22 (42)	14 (64)		1.3	.09
Food stored in covered containerd
Yes	16 (73)	8 (50)	.05b
No	6 (27)	6 (100)
Food refrigeratedd
Yes	1 (5)	0 (0)	.36b	−27	<.01
No	21 (95)	14 (67)		Ref

Abbreviation: HWWS, handwashing with soap.

^aCoefficient relates to the increase in log count of enterococci.

^bPerfectly predicts the outcome.

^cOut of cooked food (excluding salad).

^dOut of food stored after cooking.