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. 2020 Aug 5;7(17):2001379. doi: 10.1002/advs.202001379

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Complex shape deformations of printed 2D structures. A) Complex 3D morphologies generated by biomimetic 4D printing of cellulose poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels (scale bars = 5 mm). Reproduced with permission.[ 244 ] Copyright 2016, Nature Publishing Group. B,C) Complex DNA‐inspired shapes through controlling the complex patterns and orientation of PLA filaments toward the semipassive panels (scale bars = 20 mm in (B)). Reproduced with permission.[ 227 ] Copyright 2018, Royal Chemical Society. D) Schematic illustrating the 3D printing process to create 3D structures using a bilayer structure with different orientations between each layer. Reproduced with permission.[ 245 ] Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons. E) Various 3D complex shapes could be achieved through controlling the width and angle between the long axis of a bilayer structure in (D) and the direction of the intrinsic curvature (scale bars = 5 mm).