FIGURE 2.

Group differences, age differences, and sex differences in the ratio of time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze in the rat offspring. LAC increased the ratio of open arm time in adolescent female and male rats. The ratio of open arm time in adolescent rats was significantly higher than that in adult rats. The ratio of open arm time in adolescent female rats was significantly higher than that in adolescent male rats, and there were no significant sex differences during adulthood. AD, adult; PB, puberty; CON, control group; LAC, gestational Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplement group; f, female; m, male. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significance: **p < .01, ***p < .001