a) The ROS production of Ti, GO/Ti, GO/NCDs/Ti, GO/Hap/Ti, and GO/NCDs/Hap/Ti under NIR irradiation (0.5 W cm−2, 15 min). b) The photothermal curves of Ti, GO/Ti, GO/NCDs/Ti, GO/Hap/Ti, and GO/NCDs/Hap/Ti (0.5 W cm−2, 15 min). c) The UV–vis–NIR absorption curves of Ti, GO/Ti, GO/NCDs/Ti, GO/Hap/Ti, and GO/NCDs/Hap/Ti. d–f) The photocurrent curves, linear voltammetry sweep, and impedance values of Ti, GO/Ti, GO/NCDs/Ti, GO/Hap/Ti, and GO/NCDs/Hap/Ti. g) The PL spectra of NCDs, GO, Hap, GO, GO/NCDs, GO/Hap, and GO/NCDs/Hap. h) Corresponding fluorescent lifetime of NCDs, GO/NCDs, and GO/NCDs/Hap. i) The promoted separation of interfacial electrons and holes and inhibited recombination efficiency by and dissociated PO4
3−.