Table 1.

List of Studies on Emission Inventories and Transport Models for Metals

Reference	Methodology	Aerosol type	Region	DTT active elements a
Bhanarkar et al. (2005)	EI	PM b	Mumbai	Cu, Mn, V, and Ni
Xuan (2005)	EI c	MD d	E. Asia	Mn and Fe
Reff et al. (2009)	EI	PM2.5 e	US	Mn and Ni
Appel et al. (2013)	TM f	PM2.5	US	Mg and Fe
Dore et al. (2014)	TM	PM	UK	Cu, Ni, and V
Gargava et al. (2014)	EI	PM10 g	Delhi	Ni and V
Tian et al. (2015)	EI	PM	China	Cu, Mn, and Ni
Zhang et al. (2015)	EI and TM	MD	Global	Mn and Fe
Fu et al. (2016)	EI and TM	PM2.5 and MD	China	Mn (II) and Fe (III)
Nickel et al. (2017)	TM	PM	Europe	Cu, V, and Ni
Itahashi, Yamaji, Chatani, and Hayami (2018) and Itahashi, Yamaji, Chatani, Hisatsune, et al. (2018)	EI and TM	PM2.5 and PM10	Japan	Mn and Fe
Ying et al. (2018)	EI and TM	PM2.5 and MD	China	Cu, Mn, and Fe
Liu et al. (2019)	TM	PM2.5	N. China	Cu, Mn, and Ni
Xu et al. (2019)	TM	PM2.5 and MD	N. America	Fe, Mn, and Ni
This study	EI and TM	PM2.5 and PM10, MD	Asia and Japan	Cu, Mn, Fe, V, and Ni

^aTop five DTT active elements available in the literatures. Note that there are other elements studied in the literatures.

^bAnthropogenic particulate matter (no size information).

^cEmission inventory (EI) development.

^dMineral dust (MD).

^eAnthropogenic PM_2.5.

^fEvaluation of EI using transport models (TMs) and field measurements.

^gAnthropogenic PM₁₀.