Table 3.
Levels of AARC gains and losses stratified by sex and educational level
| Sex | ||||
| Women (N = 7334) | Men (N = 2076) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t-statistics (df) | p-value | |
| AARC-10 SF gains | 18.2 (3.8) | 16.9 (4.0) | −14.2203 (9408) | <.0001 |
| AARC-10 SF losses | 9.7 (3.2) | 10.5 (3.5) | 9.2481 (9408) | <.0001 |
| AARC-50 cognitive functioning gains | 14.2 (4.4) | 13.0 (4.4) | −11.6155 (9408) | <.0001 |
| AARC-50 cognitive functioning losses | 10.0 (3.6) | 10.9 (3.9) | 9.6811 (9408) | <.0001 |
| University education | ||||
| No university education (N = 2369) | Completed university education (N = 7041) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t-statistics (df) | p-value | |
| AARC-10 SF gains | 18.1 (3.9) | 17.9 (3.9) | 2.5758 (9408) | =.01 |
| AARC-10 SF losses | 10.2 (3.5) | 9.8 (3.2) | 5.7887 (9408) | <.0001 |
| AARC-50 cognitive functioning gains | 14.4 (4.5) | 13.8 (4.4) | 5.3472 (9408) | <.0001 |
| AARC-50 cognitive functioning losses | 10.5 (3.8) | 10.1 (3.6) | 6.0893 (9408) | <.0001 |
Total sample size (N) = 9410
University education was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. No university education included those participants that concluded secondary education or post-secondary education. University education included those participants that concluded vocational qualification, undergraduate degree, post-graduate degree, or doctorate. Secondary education = GCSE or O-levels. Post-secondary education = College, A-levels, NVQ3 or below, or similar. Vocational qualification = Diploma, certificate, BTEC, NVQ 4 and above, or similar. Undergraduate degree = BA or BSc, or similar. Post-graduate degree = MA, MSc, or similar. Doctorate = PhD