Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects included in the echocardiographic study
| Variables | Non-MetS (n = 62) | MetS (n = 68) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 48.7 ± 7.0 | 51.9 ± 9.4 | 0.0351 |
| Male, n (%) | 31 (50.0) | 37 (54.4) | 0.4669 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 58 (85.3) | – |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 5 (8.1) | 49 (72.1) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 3.0 | 29.0 ± 3.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 78.2 ± 8.5 | 97.8 ± 9.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 95.2 ± 6.5 | 103.9 ± 8.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 116.4 ± 10.3 | 142.8 ± 20.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 71.2 ± 7.9 | 87.2 ± 14.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 73.9 ± 9.2 | 85.0 ± 13.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Electrocardiogram Parameters | |||
| P, msec | 105.6 ± 14.2 | 108.9 ± 13.2 | 0.1872 |
| PR, msec | 156.2 ± 24.9 | 167.6 ± 20.0 | 0.0064 |
| Terminal force of P, mVS | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 0.8157 |
| QRS, msec | 85.7 ± 10.8 | 88.5 ± 16.5 | 0.2735 |
| QTc, msec | 405.0 ± 21.5 | 405.5 ± 37.8 | 0.9292 |
| Echocardiographic Parameters | |||
| Aorta diameter, cm | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 0.0012 |
| LA diameter, cm | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
| LA volume, mL | 48.9 ± 15.4 | 70.6 ± 18.2 | < 0.0001 |
| LVEDD, cm | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.0049 |
| LVEDV, mL | 95.9 ± 30.4 | 126.0 ± 37.2 | < 0.0001 |
| LV mass, gram | 107.7 ± 23.7 | 133.7 ± 28.8 | < 0.0001 |
| EF, % | 63.9 ± 11.3 | 67.3 ± 7.1 | 0.0515 |
| E/E’ (med) | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 9.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.0001 |
| E/E’ (lat) | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.0169 |
| Valve disease, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – |
BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, LA Left atrium, LVEDD Left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, LVEDV Left ventricle end-diastolic volume, LVEF Left ventricle ejection fraction, E/E’ (med) The ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E’) at medial mitral ring, E/E’ (lat) The ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E’) at the lateral mitral ring