Table 2.
Effects of standard of care chemo/radiotherapy agents on cell cycle checkpoints activation
| Chemotherapy agents/radiotherapy | Intra S checkpoint | G2/M checkpoint | WEE1 and/or PKMYT1 experimentally proven involvement in cancer model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actinomycin | No | Yes [70, 71] | WEE1 upregulation [71] |
| Azacitidine | No | Yes [72] | NA |
| Bleomycin | No | Yes [73] | NA |
| Carboplatin | No | Yes [74] | NA |
| Cisplatin | No | Yes [75, 76] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [76, 77] |
| Cyclophosphamide | NA | NA | WEE1 upregulation [78] |
| Cytarabine | Yes [79, 80] | Yes [79, 80] | WEE1 upregulation [38, 81] |
| Clofarabine | Yes [35] | No | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [35] |
| Daunorubicin | Yes [82] | Yes [82] | NA |
| Decitabine | No | Yes [83] | NA |
| Docetaxel | No | Yes [84, 85] | NA |
| Doxorubicin | No | Yes [86] | WEE1 upregulation [86]; WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [35] |
| Epirubicin | No | Yes [87, 88] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [89] |
| Epothilone | No | Yes [90] | NA |
| Etoposide | No | Yes [91] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [67] |
| Fluorouracil | Yes [92] | No | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [92] |
| Fludarabine | Yes [80] | No | NA |
| Gemcitabine | Yes [80] | No | WEE1 upregulation [93]; WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [94] |
| Hydroxyurea | Yes [95] | No | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [96] |
| Idarubicin | No | Yes [97] | NA |
| Irinotecan | No | Yes [98] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [99] |
| Mechlorethamine | Yes [100] | Yes [100] | NA |
| Mercaptopurine | Yes [101] | No | NA |
| Methotrexate | Yes [102] | No | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [103] |
| Mitoxantrone | No | Yes [104] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [78] |
| Oxaliplatin | No | Yes [105] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [106] |
| Paclitaxel | No | Yes [107] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [108] |
| Pemetrexed | Yes [109] | No | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [110] |
| Radiotherapy (ionizing radiation) | No | Yes [111] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [68] |
| Teniposide | Yes [112] | Yes [112] | NA |
| Thioguanine | Yes [113] | Yes [113] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [65] |
| Topotecan | No | Yes [114] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [115] |
| Vinblastine | No | Yes [116] | NA |
| Vincristine | No | Yes [117] | WEE1 inhibition enhanced cytotoxicity [118] |