Table 2.
Sensitivity, specificity, and NPV of the evaluated tests compared to the composite reference standard (CRS)
| Diagnostic test | CRS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | ||
| Wet smear | Positive | 3 | 0 |
| Negative | 32 | 69 | |
| Sensitivity | 8.6% | 95% CI: 1.8–23.1% | |
| Specificity | 100% | 95% CI: 94.8–100% | |
| NPV | 68.3% | 95% CI: 58.3–77.2% | |
| Baermann | Positive | 21 | 0 |
| Negative | 14 | 69 | |
| Sensitivity | 60.0% | 95% CI: 42.1–76.1% | |
| Specificity | 100% | 95% CI: 94.8–100% | |
| NPV | 83.1% | 95% CI: 73.3–90.5% | |
| KAPC | Positive | 21 | 0 |
| Negative | 14 | 69 | |
| Sensitivity | 60.0% | 95% CI: 42.1–76.1% | |
| Specificity | 100% | 95% CI: 94.8–100% | |
| NPV | 83.1% | 95% CI: 73.3–90.5% | |
| RTD-PCR | Positive | 26 | 0 |
| Negative | 9 | 69 | |
| Sensitivity | 74.3% | 95% CI: 56.7–87.5% | |
| Specificity | 100% | 95% CI: 94.8–100% | |
| NPV | 88.5% | 95% CI: 79.2–94.6% | |
| Baermann + KAPC | Positive | 27 | 0 |
| Negative | 8 | 69 | |
| Sensitivity | 77.1% | 95% CI: 59.9–89.6% | |
| Specificity | 100% | 95% CI: 94.8–100% | |
| NPV | 89.6% | 95% CI: 80.6–95.4% | |
Baermann Baermann concentration technique, CI Confidence interval, CRS Composite reference standard, KAPC Koga agar plate culture, RTD-PCR Real-time detection polymerase chain reaction, NPV Negative predictive value