TABLE IV.
Nonoperative Therapy*
| Study | Therapy Used | No. of Hips | Stage of Disease | Mean Follow-up (Range) (yr) | Hip Survivorship (%) |
| Level-I evidence | |||||
| Lee et al.75 (2015) | Bisphosphonate | 55 | Precollapse | 2 (NR) | 47 |
| Level-III evidence | |||||
| Gianakos et al.189 (2016) | Bisphosphonate | 40 | Precollapse | 2.1 (NR) | 47.5 |
| Albers et al.82 (2015) | Acetylsalicylic acid | 12 | Precollapse | 3.7 (NR) | 91.7 |
| Level-IV evidence | |||||
| Xie et al.190 (2018) | ESWT | 43 | Precollapse | 10.8 (10.1-11.5) | 81 |
| Algarni and Al Moallem191 (2018) | ESWT | 33 | Precollapse | 5 (2-9) | 95.3 |
| Glueck et al.79 (2015) | Anticoagulant | 9 | Precollapse | 9 (4-16) | 66 |
| Koren et al.91 (2015) | Hyperbaric Oxygen | 78 | Precollapse | 11.5 (NR) | 93 |
*
NR = not reported, and ESWT = extracorporeal shockwave therapy.