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. 2020 Sep 22;15(9):e0239437. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239437

Table 2. Incident cancer cases among U.S. Air Force fighter pilots and matched officers and rate ratio, diagnosis years 1995–2017a.

Sex Site Fighter Pilots (n = 85) Matched Officers
(n = 932)
Rate Ratiob
(95% CI)
Male All Malignant Cancers 83 837 1.04 (0.83–1.31)
Oropharynx 3 15 0.80 (0.22–2.86)
Colon and Rectum 9 49 0.94 (0.44–1.99)
Bones and Joints 3 2 1.42 (0.24–8.48)
Soft Tissue including Heart 1 1 1.26 (0.08–20.1)
Melanoma of the Skin 24 124 1.02 (0.64–1.62)
Prostate 2 34 1.29 (0.31–5.44)
Testis 19 81 0.92 (0.56–1.52)
Kidney and Renal Pelvis 1 4 1.45 (0.16–13.0)
Brain and Other Nervous System 4 21 0.97 (0.33–2.84)
Thyroid 2 16 1.31 (0.30–5.71)
Urinary Bladder 2 7 0.79 (0.16–3.89)
Hodgkin Lymphoma 2 12 0.59 (0.13–2.74)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 5 37 1.15 (0.41–3.21)
Leukemia 3 10 0.84 (0.18–3.91)
Miscellaneous Malignant Cancer 1 4 0.99 (0.11–8.86)
Female All Malignant Cancers 2 95 0.99 (0.25–4.04)
Melanoma of the Skin 2 5 1.07 (0.20–5.71)

aPersonnel entered the cohort between 1986 and 2006, and were followed for incident cancers from 1995 to 2017.

bRate ratio comparing fighter pilots to matched officers; each row of the data represents a unique matched group, requiring one cancer case per sex per age at cohort entry per age at cohort exit; consequently, the count of all malignant cancers (for males and females) will exceed the sum of the site-specific cancers.