. 2020 Sep 22;17(9):e1003296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003296

Table 2. Disease activity during the first year and subsequent follow-up, and long-term outcomes (sustained DMARD-free remission, mortality, and functional disability) by inclusion period compared to the reference period for type 1 (autoantibody-positive) RA.

Inclusion period	DAS28-ESR, slope in first year		DAS28-ESR over time after first year		Sustained DMARD free remission		Mortality		HAQ, slope in first year		HAQ over time, after first year
Inclusion period	Relative mean difference^a	p-val	Relative mean difference^b	p-val	Hazard ratio^c	p-val	Hazard ratio^c	p-val	Relative mean difference^a	p-val	Relative mean difference^b	p-val
1993–1996	Ref^d		Ref^d		Ref		Ref		Ref^d		Ref^d
1997–2000	−0.38 (−0.87; 0.10)	0.12	−0.41 (−0.66; −0.16)	0.002	1.14 (0.42; 3.05)	0.80	0.74 (0.47; 1.15)	0.18	0.01 (−0.19; 0.21)	0.89	−0.02 (−0.15; 0.11)	0.58
2001–2005	−1.70 (−2.21; −1.20)	<0.001	−0.86 (−1.12; −0.61)	<0.001	1.66 (0.67; 4.12)	0.27	0.71 (0.46; 1.11)	0.13	−0.28 (−0.49; −0.07)	0.009	−0.16 (−0.29; −0.03)	0.043
2006–2010	−1.62 (−2.08; −1.17)	<0.001	−1.04 (−1.28; −0.80)	<0.001	3.35 (1.46; 7.72)	0.004	0.56 (0.34; 0.92)	0.023	−0.33 (−0.51; −0.14)	0.001	−0.32 (−0.44; −0.20)	<0.001
2011–2016	−1.54 (−1.96; −1.12)	<0.001	−1.07 (−1.32; −0.83)	<0.001	4.57 (1.80; 11.6)	0.001	0.33 (0.14; 0.77)	0.010	−0.29 (−0.46; −0.12)	0.001	−0.26 (−0.38; −0.14)	0.008

Bold value indicate p-values < 0.05.

^aDifference in slope in the first year in the inclusion period compared to 1993–1996; analyzed with linear mixed models corrected for age and gender. A negative number indicates a steeper slope.

^bDifference in mean over time in the inclusion period compared to 1993–1996; analyzed with linear mixed models corrected for age and gender.

^cHazard ratios compared to 1993–1996; analyzed with Cox regression corrected for age and gender.

^dThe estimated marginal mean, adjusted for age and gender, in type 1 RA for inclusion period 1993–1996 was −0.34 (95% CI −0.70 to 0.03) for the slope in DAS28-ESR in the first year, 3.58 (95% CI 3.39 to 3.76) for DAS28-ESR over time after the first year, −0.15 (95% CI −0.29 to 0.00) for slope in HAQ in the first year, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.88) for HAQ over time after the first year.

DAS28-ESR, Disease Activity Score–28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; p-val, p-value.