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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev Insights. 2020 Mar;2(1):125–141. doi: 10.1257/aeri.20190079

Figure 1. IMMIGRANTS SELECTED LESS FOREIGN NAMES AFTER SPENDING TIME IN UNITED STATES: PAST AND PRESENT.

Figure 1.

Notes: Panels A and B show the foreignness index of names given to children of native and foreign-born mothers by the mother’s age when the child was born. These figures report the constant plus the estimated effect of the individual mother’s age at birth indicators from equation (2). Panel C shows the foreignness index of names given to children of foreign-born mothers by the mother’s years in the United States at the time of the child’s birth. Specifically, we report the constant plus the coefficients on indicators of mother’s years in United States when the child was born from equation (1). Regressions also include indicators for child’s rank in the birth order, birth year in five-year bands, and mother fixed effects. The complete-count 1920 census data includes white children aged 0–15 who were born in a non-Southern state and were living with their parents in 1920. All children have mothers who were less than 43 years old in 1920 so that we can observe a relatively complete birth order, and who were between 20–40 years old at the time of the child’s birth. N(foreign-born) = 4,219,213; N(native-born) = 9,337,285. The California birth certificates data includes all children born to a mother aged 20–40 in California from 1989–2015. N(native-born) = 2,957,731; N(foreign-born) = 2,082,142.