TABLE 1.
In vitro susceptibility to tested antimicrobial agents among bloodstream isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii complex obtained from patients at 18 participating hospitals in Taiwan in 2019 and their in vitro susceptibility among community-acquired and hospital-acquired isolates
| Bacterial species (na) and antimicrobial agent | MIC (μg/ml) |
No. (%) of isolates with indicated susceptibilityb |
No. (%) of isolates with susceptibility category: |
P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 50% | 90% | S | I | R | Community acquired | Hospital acquired | ||
| E. coli (423/340/83) | |||||||||
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | ≤2 to ≥32 | 16 | ≥32 | 156 (36.9) | 76 (18.0) | 191 (45.2) | 133 (39.1) | 23 (27.7) | 0.058 |
| Cefazolin | ≤4 to ≥64 | ≤4 | ≥64 | 256 (60.5) | 167 (39.5) | 222 (65.3) | 34 (41.0) | <0.001 | |
| Cefmetazole | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | 8 | 373 (88.2) | 26 (6.1) | 24 (5.7) | 313 (92.1) | 60 (72.3) | <0.001 |
| Cefotaxime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | ≥64 | 281 (66.4) | 3 (0.7) | 139 (32.9) | 246 (72.4) | 35 (42.2) | <0.001 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | 16 | 333 (78.7) | 3 (0.7) | 87 (20.6) | 285 (83.8) | 48 (57.8) | <0.001 |
| Cefepime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | 2 | 377 (89.1) | 19 (4.5) | 27 (6.4) | 313 (92.1) | 64 (77.1) | <0.001 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤4 to ≥128 | ≤4 | 8 | 387 (91.5) | 21 (5.0) | 15 (3.5) | 316 (92.9) | 71 (85.5) | 0.046 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.5 to 4 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 417 (98.6) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.2) | 337 (99.1) | 80 (96.4) | 0.093 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.25 to 1 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 422 (99.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 340 (100) | 81 (97.6) | 0.038 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 422 (99.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 340 (100) | 82 (98.8) | 0.196 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.25 to ≥4 | ≤0.25 | ≥4 | 232 (54.8) | 36 (8.5) | 155 (36.6) | 192 (56.5) | 40 (48.2) | 0.179 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.12 to ≥8 | 1 | ≥8 | 201 (47.5) | 80 (18.9) | 142 (33.6) | 165 (48.5) | 36 (43.4) | 0.462 |
| Gentamicin | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 334 (79.0) | 0 (0) | 89 (21.0) | 266 (78.2) | 68 (81.9) | 0.549 |
| Amikacin | ≤2 to 16 | ≤2 | 4 | 422 (99.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 340 (100) | 82 (98.8) | 0.196 |
| TMP-SMXc | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 242 (57.2) | 181 (42.8) | 201 (59.1) | 41 (49.4) | 0.137 | |
| Tigecycline | ≤0.5 to 4 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Colistin | ≤0.5 to ≥16 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 414 (97.9) | 9 (2.1) | 333 (97.9)d | 81 (97.6)d | 0.691 | |
| K. pneumoniae (372/239/133) | |||||||||
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | ≤2 to ≥32 | 8 | ≥32 | 246 (66.1) | 8 (2.2) | 118 (31.7) | 185 (77.4) | 61 (45.9) | <0.001 |
| Cefazolin | ≤4 to ≥64 | ≤4 | ≥64 | 262 (70.4) | 110 (29.6) | 198 (82.8) | 64 (48.1) | <0.001 | |
| Cefmetazole | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | ≥64 | 299 (80.4) | 22 (5.9) | 51 (13.7) | 210 (87.9) | 89 (66.9) | <0.001 |
| Cefotaxime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | ≥64 | 279 (75) | 17 (4.6) | 76 (20.4) | 203 (84.9) | 76 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | ≥64 | 285 (76.6) | 15 (4.0) | 72 (19.4) | 207 (86.6) | 78 (58.6) | <0.001 |
| Cefepime | ≤1 to ≥64 | ≤1 | 32 | 325 (87.4) | 7 (1.9) | 40 (10.8) | 225 (94.1) | 100 (75.2) | <0.001 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤4 to ≥128 | ≤4 | ≥128 | 298 (80.1) | 14 (3.8) | 60 (16.1) | 216 (90.4) | 82 (61.7) | <0.001 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.5 to ≥8 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 335 (90.1) | 9 (2.4) | 28 (7.5) | 227 (95.0) | 108 (81.2) | <0.001 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.25–≥16 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 343 (92.2) | 12 (3.2) | 17 (4.6) | 228 (95.4) | 115 (86.5) | 0.004 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.25–≥16 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 349 (93.8) | 1 (0.3) | 22 (5.9) | 233 (97.5) | 116 (87.2) | <0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.25 to ≥4 | ≤0.25 | ≥4 | 263 (70.7) | 17 (4.6) | 92 (24.7) | 190 (79.5) | 73 (54.9) | <0.001 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.12 to ≥8 | ≤0.12 | ≥8 | 244 (65.6) | 55 (14.8) | 73 (19.6) | 182 (76.2) | 62 (46.6) | <0.001 |
| Gentamicin | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 300 (80.6) | 11 (3.0) | 61 (16.4) | 214 (89.5) | 86 (64.7) | <0.001 |
| Amikacin | ≤2 to ≥64 | ≤2 | ≤2 | 359 (96.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (3.5) | 234 (97.9) | 125 (94.0) | 0.073 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 267 (71.8) | 105 (28.2) | 195 (81.6) | 72 (54.1) | <0.001 | |
| Tigecycline | ≤0.5 to ≥8 | ≤0.5 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Colistin | ≤0.5 to ≥16 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | 356 (95.7) | 16 (4.3) | 231 (96.6)d | 125 (93.9)d | 0.286 |
| P. aeruginosa (300/146/154) | |||||||||
| Ceftazidime | ≤1 to ≥64 | 4 | 16 | 257 (85.7) | 19 (6.3) | 24 (8) | 136 (93.2) | 121 (78.6) | <0.001 |
| Cefepime | ≤1 to ≥64 | 2 | 8 | 272 (90.7) | 13 (4.3) | 15 (5) | 141 (96.6) | 131 (85.1) | 0.001 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤4 to ≥128 | 8 | ≥128 | 238 (79.3) | 24 (8) | 38 (12.7) | 128 (87.7) | 110 (71.4) | 0.001 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 2 | ≥16 | 257 (85.7) | 0 (0) | 43 (14.3) | 135 (92.5) | 122 (79.2) | 0.002 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | ≤0.25 | 4 | 260 (86.7) | 12 (4) | 28 (9.3) | 139 (95.2) | 121 (78.6) | <0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.25 to ≥4 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 257 (85.7) | 13 (4.3) | 30 (10) | 127 (87.0) | 130 (84.4) | 0.622 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.12 to ≥8 | 0.5 | 4 | 252 (84) | 7 (2.3) | 41 (13.7) | 127 (87.0) | 125 (81.2) | 0.208 |
| Gentamicin | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | 2 | 282 (94) | 2 (0.7) | 16 (5.3) | 136 (93.2) | 146 (94.8) | 0.63 |
| Amikacin | ≤2 to ≥64 | ≤2 | 4 | 296 (98.7) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1) | 146 (100) | 150 (97.4) | 0.123 |
| Colistin | ≤0.5 to ≥16 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | 295 (98.3) | 5 (1.7) | 144 (98.6)d | 151 (98.4)d | 0.999 |
| A. baumannii complex (199/47/152) | |||||||||
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | ≤2 to ≥32 | ≤2 | ≥32 | 122 (61.3) | 16 (8.0) | 61 (30.7) | 32 (68.1) | 90 (59.2) | 0.307 |
| Ceftazidime | ≤1 to ≥64 | 16 | ≥64 | 96 (48.2) | 25 (12.6) | 78 (39.2) | 24 (51.1) | 72 (47.4) | 0.739 |
| Cefepime | ≤1 to ≥64 | 8 | ≥64 | 105 (52.8) | 8 (4.0) | 86 (43.2) | 26 (55.3) | 79 (52.0) | 0.74 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤4 to ≥128 | 32 | ≥128 | 98 (49.2) | 7 (3.5) | 94 (47.2) | 25 (53.2) | 73 (48.0) | 0.617 |
| Imipenem | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | ≤0.25 | ≥16 | 115 (57.8) | 0 (0) | 84 (42.2) | 32 (68.1) | 83 (54.6) | 0.128 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 0.5 | ≥16 | 112 (56.3) | 2 (1.0) | 85 (42.7) | 32 (68.1) | 80 (52.6) | 0.067 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.25 to ≥4 | 0.5 | ≥4 | 110 (55.3) | 1 (0.5) | 88 (44.2) | 27 (57.4) | 83 (54.6) | 0.867 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.12 to ≥8 | ≤0.12 | ≥8 | 111 (55.8) | 30 (15.1) | 58 (29.1) | 27 (57.4) | 84 (55.3) | 0.867 |
| Gentamicin | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 119 (59.8) | 7 (3.5) | 73 (36.7) | 31 (66.0) | 88 (57.9) | 0.395 |
| Amikacin | ≤2 to ≥64 | ≤2 | ≥64 | 161 (80.9) | 5 (2.5) | 33 (16.6) | 39 (83.0) | 122 (80.3) | 0.832 |
| TMP-SMX | ≤1 to ≥16 | ≤1 | ≥16 | 113 (56.8) | 86 (43.2) | 32 (68.1) | 81 (53.3) | 0.092 | |
| Tigecycline | ≤0.5 to ≥8 | ≤0.5 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Colistin | ≤0.5 to 2 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 182 (91.5) | 17 (8.5) | 45 (95.7)d | 137 (90.1)d | 0.370 | |
a
Number of total tested/community-acquired/hospital-acquired isolates.
b
S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant; NA, not available.
c
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
d
Isolates with intermediate resistance to colistin.