Table 2. Adverse drug reactions for psychostimulants and other medications in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Generic name	Adverse drug reaction
Methylphenidate (different methylphenidate formulations)	decreased appetite, insomnia or sleep disturbance, snoring, non-breathing or gasping while sleeping, sleepwalking, various sleep positions, enuresis, talking to sleep, number of hours of sleep, number of nocturnal movements, sleep quality, stomach upset, dizziness, headache, irritability, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, moodiness, weight loss (higher dose), psychotic disorder, arrhythmias
Amphetamine (different formulations)	appetite suppression, weight loss, insomnia, stomach aches, headaches, irritability, dizziness, possible growth inhibition, exacerbation of psychosis, and tics, and possible increase in blood pressure and pulse
Atomoxetine	headache, nausea, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, moodiness and somnolence
Guanfacine	somnolence, sedation, headache, upper abdominal pain, and fatigue

Adapted from (1) Walitza S, Romanos M, Greenhill LL, Banaschewski T. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders. In: Gerlach M, Warnke A, Greenhill LL, eds. Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents. Wien: Springer; 2014:369–381 ²³⁸ ; (2) Walitza S, Gerlach M, Romanos M, Renner T. Psychostimulanzien und andere Arzneistoffe, die zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) angewendet werden. In: Gerlach M, Mehler-Wex C, Walitza S, Warnke A, Wewetzer C, eds. Neuro-/Psychopharmaka im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Grundlagen und Therapie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2016:289–331 ²³⁹ ; (3) Huang YS, Tsai MH. Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge. CNS Drugs 2011;25:539–554; (4) Storebo OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E et al. Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomized studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:CD012069284; and (5) Wigal T, Greenhill L, Chuang S et al. Safety and tolerability of methylphenidate in preschool children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:1294–1303.