Table 4. Summary of subgroup analyses.
| Subgroups | Pooled RR (95 % CI) | Inter-study heterogeneity ( I 2 ) |
| No lag time * 28 33 34 | 1.34 (1.28, 1.41) | 11 % |
| Any lag time specified * 27 29 30 31 32 | 1.28 (1.19, 1.38) | 82 % |
| Primarily screening colonoscopy 28 29 30 31 33 | 1.32 (1.25, 1.39) | 60 % |
| Mixed populations 27 32 34 | 1.21 (1.12, 1.30) | 37 % |
| EQUIP-based studies 27 28 33 | 1.34 (1.29, 1.39) | 0 % |
| Non-EQUIP-based studies 29 30 31 32 34 | 1.28 (1.18, 1.39) | 86 % |
| Hands-on skills training 29 34 | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 80 % |
| Didactic training 27 28 30 31 32 33 | 1.32 (1.22, 1.42) | 86 % |
| Published manuscripts 27 28 29 30 34 | 1.32 (1.25, 1.38) | 59 % |
| Conference abstracts 31 32 33 | 1.28 (1.14, 1.43) | 71 % |
| RCT (pre-/post-) 27 28 29 | 1.33 (1.29, 1.37) | 0 % |
| RCT (control/intervention) 27 28 29 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.31) | 82 % |
| Observational studies 30 31 32 33 34 | 1.27 (1.16, 1.40) | 82 % |
| Multi-center studies 28 29 32 | 1.28 (1.17, 1.39) | 93 % |
| Single-center studies 27 30 31 33 34 | 1.31 (1.19, 1.43) | 64 % |
RR, rate ratio of ADR post- versus preintervention; CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomized
controlled trial; EQUIP 27 , endoscopic quality improvement program.
*
Lag time refers to time between intervention and start of post-intervention measurement of outcome(s).