Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of included studies on the association between coronary artery calcium and cognitive function.
| Study, year | Study setting | Study population | No. of Participants | Age (Mean, SD), years | Female, % | Follow-up (Mean, SD), years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Association with cognitive function Cross-sectional | ||||||
| Reis, 2013 35) | Cross-sectional analysis of coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study | Multi-center, community based including black and white | 2,510 | Range 43–55 years | 54.9 | NA |
| Vidal, 2010 16) | Cross-sectional analysis of the age, gene, environment susceptibility (AGES) - Reykjavik study | Residents in Reykjavik, Iceland | 4,250 | Range 74.5–78.0 | 75.0 | NA |
| Suemoto, 2017 34) | Cross-sectional analysis of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSD-Brasil) study | Residents in São Paulo Center, Brazil | 4,104 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | 54.0 | NA |
| Longitudinal | ||||||
| Hugenschmidt, 2013 36) | Cross-sectional analysis of Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) –Mind | T2DM affected and unaffected siblings (European American, African American) | 514 (T2DM affected n = 422, T2DM unaffected n = 92) | T2DM affected 67.8 ± 8.6, T2DM unaffected 67.0 ± 10.1 | T2DM affected 46.2, T2DM unaffected 36.2 | 6.7 ± 1.6 |
| Rossetti, 2015 37) | Cross-sectional analysis of Dallas heart study (DHS) | African American, white, Hispanic | 1,154 | 50.9 ± 10.4 | 58.0 | 6 |
| Topic 2: Association with changes of cognitive function over time (longitudinal) | ||||||
| Jacobson, 2011 38) | Prospective cohort of Diabetes control and complications trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (EDIC) study | Type 1 diabetes patients | 1,144 | 45.7 ± 6.8 | 47.0 | 18.5 |
| Topic 3: Association with MCI/dementia Longitudinal (risk of MCI/dementia) | ||||||
| Bos, 2015 17) | Prospective Rotterdam cohort | Residents in Rotterdam, The Netherlands | 2,364 (2,212 censored for stroke) | 69.4 ± 6.7 | 52.3 | 6 |
| Fujiyoshi, 2017 18) | Prospective cohort of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) | 12.2% Chinese, 26.1% black, 22.5% Hispanic, and 39.2% white | 6,293 (6,120 excluded interim stroke) | 68.4 ± 5.9 | 52.5 | 12.2 (Median) |
| Kuller, 2016 40) | Prospective cohort of Cardiovascular Health Study | Predominantly 80+ years (white, African-American, others) | 311 | ≥ 80 | 65.0 | 10+ |
| Guo, 2019 39) | Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications (EDC) study | Diagnosed with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes | 148 | 37.2 ± 7.0 | 51.0 | 14.0 ± 3.5 |
SD, Standard Deviation; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; NA, Not applicable.