Table 2.
Karyomorphological features of mitotic metaphase chromosomes in 51 Epimedium taxa and two Vancouveria species.
| Materials No. | Chromosome length (μm) | Arm ratio | Centromeric index | RLR | P | KC | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||
| 1 | 9.39 | 9.03 | 8.53 | 7.93 | 7.69 | 7.44 | 1.75 | 1.55 | 2.18 | 2.61 | 1.17 | 2.21 | 36.36 | 39.19 | 31.43 | 27.69 | 46.03 | 31.15 | 1.26 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 2 | 9.79 | 8.87 | 8.53 | 8.52 | 8.07 | 6.22 | 2.15 | 1.20 | 1.64 | 1.55 | 2.33 | 1.84 | 31.76 | 45.45 | 37.84 | 39.19 | 30.00 | 35.19 | 1.57 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 3 | 9.86 | 9.15 | 8.31 | 8.08 | 7.48 | 7.13 | 1.02 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 2.58 | 2.00 | 2.16 | 49.40 | 45.45 | 44.29 | 27.94 | 33.33 | 31.67 | 1.38 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 4 | 9.40 | 9.29 | 9.18 | 7.52 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.68 | 2.58 | 2.14 | 1.75 | 43.53 | 41.67 | 37.35 | 27.94 | 31.82 | 36.36 | 1.29 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 5 | 9.26 | 9.14 | 8.79 | 7.96 | 7.60 | 7.25 | 1.52 | 1.41 | 1.24 | 2.53 | 2.05 | 2.21 | 39.74 | 41.56 | 44.59 | 28.36 | 32.81 | 31.15 | 1.28 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 6 | 10.22 | 8.93 | 8.30 | 7.98 | 7.45 | 7.12 | 1.82 | 1.63 | 3.11 | 1.27 | 2.68 | 2.72 | 35.42 | 38.10 | 24.36 | 44.00 | 27.14 | 26.87 | 1.44 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 7 | 9.51 | 9.38 | 9.12 | 7.94 | 7.55 | 6.51 | 1.35 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.77 | 2.05 | 1.78 | 42.47 | 43.06 | 41.43 | 36.07 | 32.76 | 36.00 | 1.46 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 8 | 9.49 | 9.39 | 8.22 | 7.83 | 7.63 | 7.44 | 1.31 | 1.13 | 1.63 | 2.20 | 2.71 | 3.00 | 43.30 | 46.88 | 38.10 | 31.25 | 26.92 | 25.00 | 1.28 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 9 | 10.14 | 8.87 | 8.48 | 7.60 | 7.50 | 7.41 | 1.04 | 1.33 | 1.29 | 3.11 | 3.05 | 2.04 | 49.04 | 42.86 | 43.68 | 24.36 | 24.68 | 32.89 | 1.37 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 10 | 9.76 | 8.70 | 8.47 | 8.35 | 7.53 | 7.18 | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.32 | 2.23 | 1.56 | 2.21 | 38.55 | 39.19 | 43.06 | 30.99 | 39.06 | 31.15 | 1.36 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 11 | 10.00 | 9.30 | 8.70 | 7.90 | 7.30 | 6.80 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 2.48 | 1.26 | 2.32 | 2.58 | 45.00 | 45.16 | 28.74 | 44.30 | 30.14 | 27.94 | 1.47 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 12 | 9.90 | 8.79 | 8.30 | 8.02 | 7.55 | 7.42 | 1.05 | 1.22 | 1.39 | 1.71 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 48.75 | 45.07 | 41.79 | 36.92 | 31.15 | 31.67 | 1.33 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 13 | 9.28 | 9.00 | 8.86 | 8.17 | 7.75 | 6.92 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.78 | 47.76 | 49.23 | 48.44 | 45.76 | 44.64 | 36.00 | 1.34 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 14 | 9.75 | 8.86 | 8.48 | 7.85 | 7.72 | 7.34 | 1.41 | 1.41 | 2.05 | 1.30 | 3.07 | 1.76 | 41.56 | 41.43 | 32.84 | 43.55 | 24.59 | 36.21 | 1.33 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 15 | 10.52 | 8.33 | 8.06 | 7.93 | 7.65 | 7.51 | 1.41 | 1.10 | 1.68 | 2.05 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 41.56 | 47.54 | 37.29 | 32.76 | 37.50 | 38.18 | 1.40 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 16 | 10.83 | 8.46 | 8.31 | 8.30 | 8.01 | 6.08 | 1.28 | 2.17 | 1.67 | 1.43 | 1.84 | 2.42 | 43.84 | 31.58 | 37.50 | 41.07 | 35.19 | 29.27 | 1.78 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 17 | 9.39 | 8.68 | 8.43 | 8.31 | 7.59 | 7.58 | 1.69 | 1.06 | 1.26 | 2.14 | 2.00 | 1.86 | 37.18 | 48.61 | 44.29 | 31.88 | 33.33 | 34.92 | 1.24 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 18 | 9.68 | 9.45 | 9.22 | 8.43 | 7.52 | 5.70 | 1.50 | 1.68 | 1.79 | 1.96 | 2.14 | 1.17 | 40.00 | 37.35 | 35.80 | 33.78 | 31.82 | 46.00 | 1.70 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 19 | 9.28 | 9.27 | 8.82 | 8.70 | 6.96 | 6.95 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 2.04 | 1.78 | 2.16 | 2.33 | 43.75 | 48.75 | 32.89 | 36.00 | 31.67 | 30.00 | 1.33 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 20 | 10.43 | 9.01 | 8.75 | 7.82 | 7.11 | 6.87 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 2.14 | 2.16 | 2.41 | 46.59 | 46.05 | 50.00 | 31.82 | 31.67 | 29.31 | 1.52 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 21 | 9.23 | 8.78 | 8.43 | 8.42 | 7.74 | 7.39 | 1.05 | 2.04 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.68 | 2.37 | 48.75 | 32.89 | 43.84 | 42.47 | 37.31 | 29.69 | 1.25 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 22 | 9.41 | 8.77 | 8.76 | 8.66 | 7.36 | 7.03 | 1.23 | 1.31 | 1.53 | 1.29 | 1.34 | 1.95 | 44.83 | 43.21 | 39.51 | 43.75 | 42.65 | 33.85 | 1.34 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 23 | 10.73 | 8.45 | 8.32 | 7.91 | 7.90 | 6.70 | 1.05 | 1.86 | 1.00 | 2.47 | 1.81 | 1.78 | 48.75 | 34.92 | 50.00 | 28.81 | 35.39 | 36.00 | 1.60 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 24 | 9.50 | 9.23 | 8.40 | 8.21 | 8.12 | 6.55 | 1.10 | 1.56 | 2.14 | 1.34 | 2.14 | 2.23 | 47.57 | 39.00 | 31.87 | 42.70 | 31.82 | 30.99 | 1.45 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 25 | 10.04 | 8.61 | 8.41 | 8.40 | 7.75 | 6.79 | 1.06 | 1.31 | 1.05 | 2.52 | 1.89 | 2.38 | 48.57 | 43.33 | 48.86 | 28.41 | 34.57 | 29.58 | 1.48 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 26 | 9.18 | 8.99 | 8.98 | 8.42 | 7.56 | 6.88 | 1.46 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.82 | 1.32 | 40.63 | 45.74 | 47.87 | 47.73 | 35.44 | 43.06 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 27 | 10.46 | 9.76 | 8.35 | 7.64 | 6.94 | 6.84 | 1.00 | 1.16 | 1.02 | 1.17 | 2.14 | 1.06 | 50.00 | 46.39 | 49.40 | 46.05 | 31.88 | 48.53 | 1.53 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 28 | 9.97 | 9.47 | 8.85 | 7.85 | 7.61 | 6.23 | 1.05 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 2.21 | 1.78 | 48.75 | 46.05 | 46.48 | 44.44 | 31.15 | 36.00 | 1.60 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 29 | 9.75 | 9.26 | 8.48 | 7.70 | 7.61 | 7.22 | 1.22 | 1.44 | 2.00 | 1.55 | 1.36 | 1.24 | 45.00 | 41.05 | 33.33 | 39.24 | 42.31 | 44.59 | 1.35 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 30 | 9.04 | 9.03 | 8.48 | 8.47 | 7.49 | 7.48 | 1.00 | 1.65 | 1.20 | 2.50 | 1.96 | 2.24 | 50.00 | 37.80 | 45.45 | 28.57 | 33.82 | 30.88 | 1.21 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 31 | 9.84 | 9.11 | 8.93 | 7.58 | 7.31 | 7.22 | 1.27 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 2.36 | 2.52 | 1.76 | 44.04 | 48.51 | 48.48 | 29.76 | 28.40 | 36.25 | 1.36 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 32 | 10.31 | 8.68 | 8.67 | 8.66 | 7.38 | 6.32 | 2.03 | 1.31 | 1.11 | 1.96 | 1.86 | 1.84 | 32.95 | 43.24 | 47.30 | 33.78 | 34.92 | 35.19 | 1.63 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 33 | 9.03 | 8.59 | 8.48 | 8.37 | 8.26 | 7.27 | 1.41 | 1.69 | 1.41 | 1.17 | 1.88 | 1.75 | 41.46 | 37.18 | 41.56 | 46.05 | 34.67 | 36.36 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 34 | 9.67 | 9.25 | 8.84 | 7.93 | 7.19 | 7.10 | 1.44 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.74 | 2.48 | 2.07 | 41.03 | 45.54 | 45.79 | 36.46 | 28.74 | 32.56 | 1.36 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 35 | 9.57 | 9.01 | 8.78 | 7.84 | 7.83 | 6.96 | 1.33 | 1.24 | 1.09 | 1.68 | 2.54 | 2.03 | 42.98 | 44.74 | 47.75 | 37.37 | 28.28 | 32.95 | 1.38 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 36 | 10.18 | 9.19 | 8.12 | 7.96 | 7.58 | 6.97 | 1.18 | 1.07 | 2.03 | 1.12 | 2.54 | 2.14 | 45.86 | 48.33 | 33.02 | 47.12 | 28.28 | 31.87 | 1.46 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 37 | 9.85 | 9.16 | 8.70 | 7.63 | 7.56 | 7.10 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 1.19 | 1.86 | 2.54 | 2.00 | 44.96 | 42.50 | 45.61 | 35.00 | 28.28 | 33.33 | 1.39 | 0.17 | 2A |
| 38 | 9.53 | 9.36 | 8.86 | 7.69 | 7.36 | 7.19 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.36 | 1.97 | 2.52 | 2.44 | 46.49 | 45.54 | 42.54 | 33.70 | 28.41 | 29.10 | 1.33 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 39 | 10.09 | 8.74 | 8.67 | 7.78 | 7.77 | 6.95 | 1.01 | 1.13 | 1.11 | 2.35 | 2.15 | 2.32 | 49.63 | 47.01 | 47.41 | 29.81 | 31.73 | 30.11 | 1.45 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 40 | 9.75 | 9.04 | 8.54 | 7.75 | 7.74 | 7.17 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 2.27 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 47.79 | 48.41 | 46.22 | 30.56 | 32.41 | 29.00 | 1.36 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 41 | 9.48 | 9.11 | 8.74 | 8.15 | 7.70 | 6.82 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.11 | 2.55 | 1.97 | 2.17 | 42.97 | 42.28 | 47.46 | 28.18 | 33.65 | 31.52 | 1.39 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 42 | 9.71 | 9.57 | 9.14 | 7.50 | 7.35 | 6.71 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 2.28 | 2.32 | 2.24 | 46.32 | 47.01 | 46.09 | 30.48 | 30.10 | 30.85 | 1.45 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 43 | 10.31 | 9.02 | 8.94 | 7.89 | 7.00 | 6.85 | 1.17 | 1.29 | 1.27 | 2.38 | 2.48 | 1.66 | 46.09 | 43.75 | 44.14 | 29.59 | 28.74 | 37.65 | 1.51 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 44 | 10.52 | 9.10 | 8.22 | 8.05 | 7.89 | 6.20 | 1.11 | 1.22 | 2.29 | 1.08 | 1.97 | 2.50 | 47.33 | 45.13 | 30.39 | 48.00 | 33.67 | 28.57 | 1.70 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 45 | 9.96 | 8.92 | 8.85 | 8.11 | 7.22 | 6.93 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 1.45 | 3.40 | 1.97 | 2.24 | 46.67 | 48.76 | 40.83 | 22.73 | 33.67 | 30.85 | 1.44 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 46 | 9.66 | 9.34 | 8.14 | 7.99 | 7.67 | 7.19 | 1.28 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 3.00 | 2.31 | 2.21 | 43.80 | 47.01 | 48.04 | 25.00 | 30.21 | 31.11 | 1.34 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 47 | 10.65 | 9.92 | 8.13 | 7.16 | 7.15 | 7.00 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 2.26 | 2.52 | 2.07 | 48.09 | 47.54 | 49.00 | 30.68 | 28.41 | 32.56 | 1.52 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 48 | 9.68 | 9.27 | 8.46 | 8.13 | 7.64 | 6.83 | 1.29 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 2.45 | 2.76 | 2.36 | 43.70 | 48.25 | 49.04 | 29.00 | 26.60 | 29.76 | 1.42 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 49 | 10.18 | 8.47 | 8.32 | 7.95 | 7.57 | 7.51 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 1.29 | 2.06 | 2.29 | 2.16 | 47.45 | 48.25 | 43.75 | 32.71 | 30.39 | 31.68 | 1.36 | 0.50 | 2A |
| 50 | 9.60 | 8.88 | 8.80 | 8.08 | 7.60 | 7.04 | 1.03 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 2.48 | 1.97 | 2.03 | 49.17 | 44.14 | 43.64 | 28.71 | 33.68 | 32.95 | 1.36 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 51 | 9.94 | 8.89 | 8.43 | 7.76 | 7.61 | 7.38 | 1.24 | 1.41 | 1.29 | 2.68 | 1.59 | 2.38 | 44.70 | 41.53 | 43.75 | 27.18 | 38.61 | 29.59 | 1.35 | 0.33 | 2A |
| 52 | 9.47 | 9.10 | 8.95 | 8.28 | 7.17 | 7.01 | 1.31 | 1.07 | 1.31 | 1.64 | 1.82 | 1.69 | 43.31 | 48.36 | 43.33 | 37.84 | 35.42 | 37.23 | 1.35 | 0.00 | 1A |
| 53 | 9.82 | 9.12 | 8.42 | 7.93 | 7.43 | 7.30 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.22 | 2.03 | 1.48 | 49.29 | 46.92 | 48.33 | 45.13 | 33.02 | 40.38 | 1.35 | 0.17 | 2A |
Note: RLR, the relative length ratio of the longest and shortest chromosome; P, proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio over 2:1; KC, karyotype classification of Stebbins (1971).