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. 2020 Sep 22;10:15413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72348-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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¹³C NMR spectrum of hyperpolarized metabolites after 4 h of incubation with 11.7 mM [U-¹³C_,D] glucose. The metabolites were polarized for 90 min. after which they were subjected to rapid dissolution in hot phosphate buffer. Four metabolites were observed with distinct carbonyl shifts at: 2-¹³C-pyruvate (205.8 ppm), 1-¹³C-lactate (183.4 ppm), 5-¹³C-glutamate (182.2 ppm), 1-¹³C-alanine (176.8 ppm), 1-¹³C-glutamate (175.6 ppm) and 1-¹³C-pyruvate (171.2 ppm). The full spectrum is displayed in the insert where a grey box indicates the expanded region with the metabolites mentioned above. Other components in the sample were glucose, glycerol to mediate the hyperpolarization and an internal standard for quantification.