FIGURE 3.

Phytophthora infestans mycelium deformation after Iturin A (50 μg/mL) inhibition. (A) SEM observation, a: Straight and smooth mycelia (control), b–f: Iturin A groups, where mycelia were rough, bulged, uneven, and abnormally expanded in branches. (B) TEM observation, a: Mycelium growth with intact cell membrane (CM), cell wall (CW), and normal organelle arrangement, b–d: Iturin A groups with disrupted cell membranes, disordered organelles, sparse mitochondria (M) with few ridges, a large cavitation area (CA), black aggregates (BA), and shifted nuclei (N).